Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (eBook)

Cover 
1 
CONTENTS 6
PREFACE 18
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 20
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION 22
CHAPTER 1 ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORS AND SKILLS: AN INTRODUCTION 24
Some Historic Background for Adaptive Behavior and Its Use 25
1848: The Impact of an Organic Theory of Evolution 26
1920s: Challenges to Eugenics and Efforts to Improve Methods Used with Persons with Mental Retardation 28
Definitions of Mental Retardation and the Increasing Importance of Adaptive Behavior and Skills 28
The Development of Tests to Assess Adaptive Behavior 32
Models and Concepts of Adaptive Behavior and Skills 34
Age and Demographic Differences on Adaptive Behavior Scales 34
Age 35
Gender 35
Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status 35
Applications of Adaptive Behavior Information 36
External Reviews of the ABAS-II 39
References 39
CHAPTER 2 PROFESSIONAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT 42
Professional Standards Governing Test Development and Use 42
Standards Governing Test Development and Use 42
Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing 43
Diagnostic Standards 45
State Board of Education Standards for Diagnosing School-Based Disorders 45
Applications of Adaptive Behavior to the Above Diagnostic Standards 46
Test Ethics 47
Legal Issues that Impact Adaptive Behavior Assessment 47
Federal Legislation and Related Policies and Practices 47
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 47
Medicaid 49
Supplemental Security Disability and Supplemental Security Income 50
Assessment of Persons on Death Row: Do They Display Mental Retardation? 50
To Whom Do Professionals Release Test Data? 51
Ethical Standards Governing Release of Test Data 51
Legal Standards Governing Release of Test Data 51
Conclusion 53
References 53
Appendix A 54
CHAPTER 3 ABAS-II ASSESSMENT METHODS 58
Overview of the ABAS-II 58
ABAS-II Forms 58
ABAS-II Content 59
ABAS-II Uses 61
ABAS-II Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation 62
Respondents' Completion of the ABAS-II Forms 62
ABAS-II Scoring 64
ABAS-II Interpretation and Applications 66
Summary 69
References 70
SECTION II: ABAS-II AND ADAPTIVE SKILL AREAS 72
CHAPTER 4 COMMUNICATION SKILLS 74
ABAS-II Measurement 75
Receptive Language 76
Expressive Language 76
Nonverbal Communication 77
Additional Assessments 77
Direct Observations 78
Direct Tests of Skills 78
Intervention Methods 80
Receptive Language 81
Expressive Language 82
Nonverbal Communication 83
Child Case Study 84
References 90
CHAPTER 5 ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND SKILLS IMPORTANT TO COMMUNITY USE 92
Description of Community Use Adaptive Skill Area 92
Importance of Community Use Adaptive Skill Area 93
Conditions that Impact Development and Performance of Community Skills 94
Issues with Special Populations 96
Special Considerations for Children 97
Additional Techniques to Assess Community Use in Combination with the ABAS-II 98
Community 98
Individual/Parent Preferences and Priorities 99
Individual's Skills 100
Intervention Methods 100
Prioritization and Selection of Skills for Instruction 100
Location of Instruction 101
Type of Instruction 102
Generalization Strategies 105
Instructional Prompting Strategies 105
Methods for Providing Instruction Alongside Same-Age Peers 106
Case Study: Brian 106
References 111
CHAPTER 6 FUNCTIONAL ACADEMIC ADAPTIVE SKILLS 114
Introduction 114
Measurement of Functional Academic Adaptive Skills Using the ABAS-II 115
Importance of Functional Academics 116
Implications for General Functioning 116
Conditions That Impact Development and Performance of Functional Academics 117
Impact On and Issues with Special Populations 118
Possible Age and Gender Issues 119
Additional Tools Used for Assessment of Functional Academic Adaptive Skills 120
Information from the ABAS-II 120
Ecological Inventories 121
Person-Centered Planning 122
Standardized Tests 122
Intervention Methods that Promote and Accommodate Functional Academic Adaptive Skills 122
Functional Reading 122
Functional Pre-Academics for Reading 123
Functional Academics for Reading 125
Functional Writing 126
Functional Mathematics 128
General Functional Skills 129
Case Study 130
References 133
CHAPTER 7 SCHOOL AND HOME LIVING ADAPTIVE SKILLS 136
Introduction 136
Importance of the Adaptive Skill Area 139
Assessment of School and Home Living Adaptive Skills 142
Ecological Inventory 142
Task Analytic Assessment 142
Assessment of Choices 144
Assessment of Generalized Abilities 144
Intervention Methods for School and Home Living Skills Acquisition 145
Intervention Factors 145
Intervention Methods 146
ABAS-II Guidelines for Program Planning and Monitoring 151
Case Study 152
Summary 154
References 155
CHAPTER 8 HEALTH AND SAFETY ADAPTIVE SKILL AREA 158
Importance of Health and Safety 158
ABAS-II Measurement in Health and Safety 160
Value of Health and Safety for General Functioning 160
Prevalence and Epidemiology 160
Predisposing Persons with Disabilities to Injury 161
Health and Safety Curriculum 161
Home and Community Living 162
Work Safety 163
Fire Safety 164
Crime Prevention 165
HIV/AIDS Prevention 167
Substance Use 167
Self-Medication and Health Care 168
Conducting Ecological Assessments 168
Teaching Health and Safety Skills 169
Case Study Using the ABAS-II 172
Conclusion 175
References 175
CHAPTER 9 THE USE OF LEISURE TIME 180
Introduction and Description of Leisure Skill Area 180
The Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II 181
The Use of the ABAS-II to Assess Leisure Activities 182
Importance of Leisure Adaptive Skill Area 183
Leisure Ability Model 184
Functional Intervention 184
Leisure Education 185
Recreation Participation 185
Additional Observation, Direct Assessment, and Other Techniques to Assess Leisure Adaptive Skill Area 186
Curriculum to Promote Leisure Education 186
Tests and Other Evaluation Methods 187
Intervention Methods to Promote and Accommodate Deficiencies in Leisure Skills 188
Case Study 194
References 197
CHAPTER 10 PROMOTING SELF-CARE SKILLS 200
Introduction 200
Definition and Description of Self-Care Skills 200
Assessment of Self-Care Adaptive Skills on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (ABAS-II) 201
The Importance of Self-Care Skills for General Functioning 202
Conditions That Impact Development and Performance of Self-Care Skills 203
Additional Assessment Techniques 204
Interventions to Promote Self-Care Skills 205
Specific Interventions That Can Be Used to Promote Self-Care Skills 206
Use of Assistive Technologies 209
Sample Case Study Using the ABAS-II 210
References 215
CHAPTER 11 SOCIAL SKILLS 218
Introduction 218
Measurement of the Social Adaptive Skill Area Using the ABAS-II 219
Importance of Social Skills 220
Implications for General Functioning 221
Implications for School Success 221
Impact on Relationships 222
Impact on Successful Employment and Community Integration 222
Factors that Impact the Development and Performance of Social Skills 222
Additional Tools Used to Assess Social Adaptive Skills 224
Person-centered Planning 224
Functional Behavior Assessment 224
Indirect and Direct Assessment Methods 225
Social Skills Instruction 226
Linking Assessment to Instruction 226
Designing Social Skills Instruction 226
Case Study 231
References 235
CHAPTER 12 ABAS-II AND WORK SKILLS AND ATTITUDES 240
Introduction and Description of the Work Adaptive Skill Area 240
General Description of Work Skills and Attitudes 240
Description of the ABAS-II and Work Adaptive Skill Area 241
Importance of the Work Adaptive Skill Area and Review of Research 242
Implications of the Work Skill Adaptive Area for General Functioning 242
Conditions That Impact Individuals' Development and Performance in the Work Adaptive Skill Area 243
Impact on and Issues in Special Populations 244
Age and Gender Issues 245
Additional Techniques to Assess the Work Adaptive Skill Area 245
Intervention Methods That Promote Development and Accommodate Deficiencies in the Work Adaptive Skill Area 248
Sample Case Report Using ABAS-II 255
References 262
CHAPTER 13 MOTOR FUNCTIONING AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR 266
ABAS-II Case Study 274
Assessment of Motor Function 279
References 284
SECTION III: ABAS-II AND ASSESSMENT ACROSS AGE RANGES 288
CHAPTER 14 USING THE ABAS-II WITH INFANTS, TODDLERS, AND PRESCHOOLERS 290
Overview of Assessment with Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers 291
Conditions Associated with Disability among Infants and Preschoolers 291
Disabilities Identified among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers 294
Challenges Unique to the Assessment of Young Children 297
Services Provided for Infants and Preschoolers under IDEIA 2004 297
Use of the ABAS-II with Infants and Preschoolers 299
Scoring the ABAS-II 301
Psychometric Properties of the ABAS-II for Use with Infants and Preschoolers 302
Case Example Using the ABAS: Alex 305
References 311
CHAPTER 15 USING THE ABAS-II WITH ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS 314
Developmental and Diagnostic Issues 315
Evaluation of Evidence Supporting Use and Interpretation of ABAS-II School-Age Forms 316
Norming Sample 317
Reliability 318
Scale/Item Characteristics 319
Validity Evidence 320
Evidence Based on Content 320
Evidence Based on Responses Processes 321
Evidence Based on Internal Structure 321
Evidence Based on External Relations 322
Evidence Based on Consequences 324
Summary 325
Case Studies 326
Case Study 1: Mental Retardation 326
Case Study 2: Grief, Emotion Regulation, and Social Skill Deficits 329
References 331
CHAPTER 16 USING THE ABAS-II WITH ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS 334
Adaptive Behavior and Characteristics of Adolescents and Young Adults 334
Adolescent Development and Importance of Adaptive Behavior 334
Disorders and Disabilities Affecting Adaptive Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults 336
Assessing Adaptive Behavior and Validity of the ABAS-II with Adolescents and Young Adults 339
Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Adolescents and Young Adults 339
Suitability of ABAS-II Structure to Understanding Adolescents and Young Adults 340
Contributions of ABAS-II Composites 341
Validity Studies on the ABAS-II 342
Case Study 344
References 348
SECTION IV: ABAS-II AND ASSESSMENT FOR SPECIAL POPULATIONS 352
CHAPTER 17 USING THE ABAS-II IN PROMOTING AND EVALUATING AUTONOMY FOR ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS 354
Adaptive Behavior Considerations 355
Interventions Related to Adaptive Behavior 356
Standardization of ABAS-II on Adult Population 358
Edward: ABAS-II Case Study 363
References 367
CHAPTER 18 ABAS-II: ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 370
Characteristics of Individuals with IDD and Adaptive Behavior 371
Legal, Professional, and Diagnostic Issues and Assessment of Adaptive Behavior 373
Legal, Professional, and Diagnostic Issues 373
Assessment of Adaptive Behavior 373
Advances in Prevention and Early Intervention for IDD 374
ABAS-II: Validity and Assessment of Individuals with IDD 374
Evidence of Validity for the ABAS-II 375
Test Content 375
Response Process 375
Internal Structure 376
Other Variables 377
Clinical Validity Studies 378
Individuals Identified with IDD 379
Summary of Special Group Performance on the ABAS-II 382
Case Study of a 5 Year Old Boy with Fragile X Syndrome 382
Summary 387
References 387
CHAPTER 19 INTERVENTION DESIGN AND DIAGNOSIS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN WITH AUTISM USING THE ABAS-II 390
Core Components of Autism Spectrum Disorder 391
Essential Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder 392
Relevant Research 392
Case Study 396
Summary 400
References 400
CHAPTER 20 ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN ADULT FORENSIC CASES: THE USE OF THE ABAS-II 402
Definitions of Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disability 403
Challenges in Adaptive Behavior Assessment in Atkins Cases 405
The Nature of Adaptive Behavior 405
The Issue of Retrospective Assessment 407
Reliance on Multiple Sources 408
Use of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System in Atkins Cases 408
Attributes of the ABAS-II 409
Informant Selection 409
Time Frame for Scoring 410
Conducting the Interview in Person 411
Administering the ABAS-II to the Defendant 412
Other Sources of Information 413
Interview the Defendant 413
Test the Defendant's Knowledge 413
Test the Defendant's Performance 413
Interview Family Members, Former Neighbors, Friends, and Employers 414
Seek Objective Archival Information 415
Seek Subjective Archival Information 416
Clinical Judgment 416
Conclusion 417
References 417
INDEX 420
A 420
B 423
C 423
D 424
E 424
F 424
G 425
H 425
I 425
J 426
K 426
L 426
M 427
N 427
O 428
P 428
Q 428
R 428
S 428
T 430
U 431
V 431
W 431