Statistics for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

About our authors Arthur Aron, PhD, is a Research Professor in the Department of Psychology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. His research centers on the self-expansion model of motivation and cognition in personal relationships and intergroup relations, including its neural underpinnings and real-world applications. He has published more than 100 scientific papers, including a foundational paper (in collaboration with Dr. Elaine Aron) on his basic theoretical model that has more than 3,000 citations. Another, his earliest, on the "shaky bridge study," has become a classic in the field and is cited in nearly every introductory psychology, social psychology and psychology methods text published in the last 20 years. He is also widely known publicly for his groundbreaking brain-scan studies of romantic love and, most recently, for his "36 Questions" for creating closeness. Dr. Aron currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Personal Relationships and Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, the Society of Personality and Social Psychology, and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. He has received major grants from the National Science Foundation, the Templeton Foundation, the Fetzer Foundation, and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. He also received the prestigious Distinguished Research Career Award from the International Association for Relationship Research. Elliot J. Coups, PhD, received his PhD in social/health psychology from Rutgers University and completed a postdoctoral fellowship in cancer prevention and control at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He is currently a faculty member in the Cancer Prevention and Control Program at Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, and is associate professor of medicine at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and of health education and behavioral science at Rutgers School of Public Health. Dr. Coups' primary area of research focuses on understanding and promoting health-related behaviors among cancer survivors and individuals at risk for cancer. He has a particular interest in skin cancer prevention and control, and has published on a number of relevant topics: skin cancer-related behaviors among melanoma survivors and their family members, sun protection behaviors among Hispanic individuals, physician screening for skin cancer and indoor tanning. Dr. Coups' research has been supported by numerous federal and foundation grants, and he has published more than 100 journal articles, book chapters and books. Elaine N. Aron, PhD, is a researcher, writer and clinical psychologist in private practice. Her most widely cited work focuses on the innate temperament/personality trait of sensory processing sensitivity, with research ranging from in-depth qualitative interviews to laboratory experiments, representative surveys, and neuroimaging studies. She is also well known for her research in collaboration with Dr. Arthur Aron on close relationships, including 2 seminal books. She has published more than 50 research papers and has given hundreds of invited talks, colloquia and continuing education workshops for professionals. Her most recently released book, Psychotherapy and the Highly Sensitive Person, represents the integration of her research with the needs of highly sensitive people when in therapy. In addition to her academic writing, she has published 8 books for the general public based on her research, including the best-selling The Highly Sensitive Person and The Highly Sensitive Child, both translated into 19 languages. She has also published a best-selling novel.

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs
The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores
Correlation and Prediction
Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: The Normal Curve, Sample versus Population, and Probability
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Tests with Means of Samples
Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power
Introduction to the t Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means
The t Test for Independent Means
Introduction to the Analysis of Variance
Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal
A Closer Look at Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles
Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

APPENDICES

Tables
Answers to Set I Practice Problems
Major Formulas
Steps of Hypothesis Testing for Major Procedures
A Closer Look at the Logic and Language of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research