Progress in Optics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Progress in Optics, Volume XIV 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 14
Preface 10
CHAPTER I. THE STATISTICS OF SPECKLE PATTERNS 20
1. Introduction 22
2. Normal Speckle Patterns 24
3. Partially Coherent Illumination 37
4. Surface-dependent Features of Speckle Patterns 52
5. Concluding Remarks 63
Acknowledgements 63
References 63
CHAPTER II. HIGH-RESOLUTION TECHNIQUES IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY 66
0. Introduction 68
1. Atmospheric Optics 70
2. Direct Interferometry 78
3. Interferometer Designs and Results 83
4. The Image Reconstruction Problem 95
5. Construction of a Synthetic-Aperture Array of Optical Telescopes 98
6. Intensity Interferometry 101
7. Heterodyne Interferometry 103
8. Conclusions 103
References 104
CHAPTER III. RELAXATION PHENOMENA IN RARE-EARTH LUMINESCENCE 108
1. Introduction 110
2. Historical Developments 112
3. Rare-Earth Energy Levels 117
4. Excitation and Decay in Rare-Earth Systems 121
5. Radiative Decay 125
6. Multiphonon Relaxation 135
7. Cooperative Relaxation 152
8. Selected Applications 169
9. Concluding Remarks 174
References 175
CHAPTER IV. THE ULTRAFAST OPTICAL KERR SHUTTER 180
1. Introduction 182
2. The Ultrafast Optical Kerr Shutter 184
3. Ultrahigh Speed Photography 196
4. Sampling Optical Signals 202
5. Concluding Remarks 210
Acknowledgements 211
References 211
CHAPTER V. HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFRACTION GRATINGS 214
1. Introduction 216
2. Theoretical Characteristics of Spectroscopic Diffraction Gratings 217
3. Basic Principles of Holographic Diffraction Gratings 219
4. Production of Holographic Gratings 235
5. Properties of Holographic Gratings and Comparison with Classical Gratings 242
6. Further Improvements of Holographic Gratings 261
Acknowledgements 261
References 261
CHAPTER VI. PHOTOEMISSION 264
1. Introduction 266
2. Theoretical Basis of the PE 269
3. Experimental Determination of the Escape Depth of the Photoelectrons 298
4. Surface Photoexcitation 324
5. Conclusion 338
Acknowledgement 340
References 340
CHAPTER VII. OPTICAL FIBRE WAVEGUIDES - A REVIEW 346
1. Introduction 348
2. Fibres with Core and Cladding Possessing Uniform Refractive Index 350
3. Fibres with Non-Uniform Refractive Index 400
Acknowledgements 419
References 419
Author Index 422
Subject Index 431
Cumulative Index - Volumes I-XIV 439