Adapted Aquatics Programming

Monica Lepore, EdD, is a professor at West Chester University of Pennsylvania in West Chester. A master teacher of adapted aquatics, Dr. Lepore has been an American Red Cross water safety instructor for more than 25 years. She has a degree in leadership in adapted physical education and was a recipient of the International Swimming Hall of Fame Adapted Aquatics Award in 2001. In 2006 she was named AAHPERD/AAPAR Adapted Physical Education Professional of the Year, and she has been on the Top 100 Aquatics Professionals list twice. She acted as chair for AAHPERD/AAPAR adapted aquatics from 2000 to 2005 and received a Meritorious Award from the Aquatic Council of AAHPERD/AAPAR in 2005. In her leisure time, Dr. Lepore enjoys swimming, biking, and hiking. G. William Gayle, PhD, CAPE, is a professor and coordinator of adapted physical education at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio. A master teacher of adapted aquatics, Dr. Gayle has been an American Red Cross water safety instructor for over 20 years. He holds degrees from Virginia Tech and University of Wisconsin at LaCrosse and a doctorate in adapted physical education and psychology of mental retardation and developmental disabilities from Ohio State University. In 1988 he was inducted into the Ohio Wheelchair Sports Hall of Fame. He served on the AAHPERD/AAPAR adapted aquatics committee from 2000 to 2005. In 2006 he was inducted into the National Wheelchair Basketball Association Intercollegiate Division Hall of Fame and selected as Teacher of the Year in the College of Education and Human Services at Wright State University. He has provided adapted aquatics programs for university students and surrounding school districts for several decades. In his leisure time, he enjoys golfing, swimming, and traveling internationally. Shawn F. Stevens, EdD, is executive director of Edgemoor Community Center in Wilmington, Delaware. Dr. Stevens has been an American Red Cross instructor trainer for water safety, lifeguarding, first aid, CPR, and AED for 25 years, and he was an adapted aquatics instructor trainer for 18 years. Overall, he has provided leadership in conducting aquatics programs for 30 years, and he assisted with the development of the ADA Accommodation Resource Guide for the American Red Cross. In his spare time, he serves as a volunteer instructor trainer and leadership volunteer for the American Red Cross, and he also enjoys golfing and swimming.

Preface
Acknowledgments

Part I. Foundations of Adapted Aquatics

Chapter 1. Introduction to Adapted Aquatics
Evolution of Adapted Aquatics
Legislation for Individuals With Disabilities
Benefits of Aquatics Participation
Applications of Aquatics Participation
Summary
Chapter 1 Review

Chapter 2. Models of Collaboration in Adapted Aquatics
Models for Adapted Aquatics
Medical-Therapeutic Model
Educational Model
Recreation Model
Transdisciplinary Model
Summary
Chapter 2 Review

Chapter 3. Inclusion and the Least-Restrictive Environment
Placement, Inclusion, and the LRE
Continuum of Placements
Prerequisites to Successful Inclusion
Developing and Maintaining Successful Inclusion Groups
Using Activities to Facilitate Inclusion
Summary
Chapter 3 Review

Chapter 4. Individualized Instructional Planning
Planning for Assessment
Developing the IEP or IAPP
Implementing the IEP or IAPP
Summary
Chapter 4 Review

Chapter 5. Program and Organization Development
Organizational Foundations
Communications and Promotion
Financial Development
Facilities Acquisition
Risk Management
Program Development and Evaluation
Human Resource Management
Summary
Chapter 5 Review

Chapter 6. Facilities, Equipment, and Supplies
Facilities
Equipment and Supplies
Summary
Chapter 6 Review

Part II. Facilitating Instruction

Chapter 7. Prerequisites to Safe, Successful, and Rewarding Programs
Essential Communication Skills
Transferring Techniques
Participant Care and Safety
Hydrodynamics
Positioning and Supporting Participants
Summary
Chapter 7 Review

Chapter 8. Instructional Strategies
The Learning Process
Teaching, Facilitating, and Guiding Participants
Addressing Problem Behaviors
Summary
Chapter 8 Review

Chapter 9. Specific Needs of Adapted Aquatics Participants
Definitions of Common Disabilities in Adapted Aquatics
Commonly Seen Attributes of Learners in Adapted Aquatics
Atlantoaxial Instability
Attention Deficit
Auditory Perception Disorder
Autonomic Dysreflexia or Hyperreflexia
Balance Disorder
Brittle Bones
Cardiovascular Disorder
Circulatory Disorder
Contractures and Limitations to Range of Motion
Hearing Loss: Deafness and Hard of Hearing
Hearing Loss: Deafblindness
Head Control Difficulty
High Muscle Tone
Hyperactivity
Interaction Difficulty
Joint Dysfunction
Kinesthetic System Disorder
Memory and Understanding Difficulty
Multisensory Loss
Oral Motor Dysfunction
Paralysis, Paresis, and Atrophy
Posture Disorder
Primitive Reflex Retention
Proprioceptive Disorder
Range of Motion Dysfunction
Receptive or Expressive Language Disorder
Respiratory Disorder
Seizure Disorder
Tactile System Disorder
Temperature Regulation Disorder
Vestibular System Disorder
Visual Impairment
Visual Perception Disorder
Summary
Chapter 9 Review

Chapter 10. Aquatic Fitness and Rehabilitation
Health-Related Physical Fitness and Aquatic Exercise
Physical Conditions and Tips for Aquatic Rehabilitation
Summary
Chapter 10 Review

Part III. Program Enhancement

Chapter 11. Adapted Aquatics Program Selection
Program Environments
Program Purpose
Types of Participation
Nationally Sponsored Adapted Aquatics Programs
Summary
Chapter 11 Review

Chapter 12. Competitive and Recreational Activities
Effect of Legislation on Aquatics Participation
Competitive Swimming for Individuals With Disabilities
Equitable Competition and Classification
Coaching Swimmers With Disabilities
Recreational Aquatic Activities
Summary
Chapter 12 Review

Appendix A Adapted Aquatics Position Paper of the Aquatic Council: AAALF and AAHPERD
Appendix B Assessment Forms
Appendix C Games and Activities for Various Age Groups
Appendix D Information-Gathering Forms
Appendix E Adapted Aquatics Program Resources
Appendix F AAPAR Levels of Adapted Aquatics Credentials
Glossary
References
Index
About the Authors