Women in Media

Amy M. Damico, PhD, is professor of communication and faculty adviser to the Endicott Scholars Honors Program at Endicott College in Beverly, MA.

Preface,
1 Background and History,
Introduction,
The New Woman in Early Media,
Male Depictions of the Ideal "Girl,"
Stereotypes of Women in Early Movies,
Portrayals of Women during Hollywood's Golden Age,
Women in Developing Media Industries,
News,
Film,
Television,
World War II Propaganda,
Portrayals of Women in Postwar Entertainment Media,
American Entertainment Media and Feminism,
Approaches to Analysis: How Representations of Women in Media Are Studied,
Theoretical Approaches,
Common Stereotypes and Evolving Images of Women in Media,
Women in Advertising,
The Digital Age and Feminist Practices,
Third-Wave Feminism,
Conclusion,
Bibliography,
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions,
Introduction,
Women in Film and Television,
Women in Film,
Women in Scripted Television,
Portrayals of Women Characters,
Social Media, Gender, and the Entertainment Industry,
Changing Dynamics and Positive Trends,
Casting Controversies,
News Coverage and Women,
Women in News,
#SayHerName,
Persistent Gender Disparities in the Newsroom,
Harassment of Female Journalism Professionals,
Media Coverage of Female Political Candidates,
Gender and Presidential Politics,
Women in Sports Media,
Gender Disparities in Media Production,
Women in Advertising and on Social Media,
Persistent Stereotypes,
Pro-Female Advertising/Femvertising,
Criticisms of Femvertising,
Appearance-Focused Social Media Use,
Thinspiration, Fitspiration, and the Body Positive Movement,
Solutions,
Changing Gender in the Media Landscape,
Industry Responses,
Increasing Media Literacy,
Conclusion,
Bibliography,
3 Perspectives,
Introduction,
Magical and Difficult Women: Resisting the Waves of Feminism in Popular Television,
Sara E. Quay, PhD
Same Girl, Different Show: Representations of Young Femininity in Teen TV,
Lori Bindig Yousman, PhD
Defined by Desire and Dispossession: A Cautionary Tale about Early Film Representations of Native American Women,
Virginia McLaurin
No More Dragons, Lotuses, and Tigers? The Evolution of Asian American Women in the Media,
Melissa Yang, PhD
Women Discovered as Super,
Nora Hickey
From Panel to Platform: Women Comics Creators on Instagram,
Amaris Feland Ketcham
The Ava Effect: Women Amplifying Women behind the Camera,
Susan X Jane
Media Coverage of Women's Sport,
Dunja Antunovic, PhD, and Nicole M. LaVoi, PhD
Exposing the "Invisible Majority"—Representations of Women in News Media,
Julie Frechette, PhD
4 Profiles,
Introduction,
People,
Lois Weber (1879–1939),
Lucille Ball (1911–1989),
Barbara Walters (1931–),
Caroline R. Jones (1942–2001),
Oprah Winfrey (1954–),
Geena Davis (1956–),
Joanelle Romero (1957–),
Christine Brennan (1958–),
Avis Little Eagle,
Soledad O'Brien (1966–),
Shonda Rhimes (1970–),
Samantha Skey (1972–),
Mindy Kaling (1979–),
Chloé Zhao (1982–),
Influential Organizations and Representations,
Ms. Magazine (1972–present),
The Color Purple (1985),
Sex and the City (1998–2004),
The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty,
Orange Is the New Black (2013–2019),
Bibliography,
5 Data and Documents,
Introduction,
Data,
Film,
Figure 5.1 Percentages of Women Working in Hollywood: 1910–2010,
Figure 5.2 Percentages of Male and Female Characters in the Top Films of Each Year: 2007–2018,
Figure 5.3 Percentages of Films with Gender-Balanced Casts in the Top 100 Films of Each Year: 2007–2018,
Table 5.1 Exclusion of Underrepresented Women in the Top 100 Films of 2018,
Scripted Television,
Figure 5.4 Race/Ethnicity of over 5,100 Female Characters on Television: 2018–2019,
News,
Table 5.2 Numbers of LGBTQ Characters on Network, Cable, and Streaming Television Platforms in the 2019 Television Season,
Table 5.3 Sexual Orientation of Regular and Reoccurring LGBTQ Characters in the 2019 Television Season,
Table 5.4 Who Is Delivering News on Prime-Time Evening Broadcasts?,
Table 5.5 Percentages of Women Journalists Reporting in Different News Areas,
Table 5.6 Women and Men of Color Working in Local Television News,
Sports Media,
Figure 5.5 Gender and Athlete Breakdown of 1,587 Instagram Images from ESPN, Fox Sports, NBC Sports, and CBS Sports,
Table 5.7 Percentages of Women Employed at Associated Press Sports Editor (ASPE) Newspapers and Websites: 2014, 2017, and 2021,
Advertising,
Table 5.8 Percentage of Advertising Characters Framed as Sex Objects in 251 Cannes Lions Film and Film Craft 2019 Advertisements,
Table 5.9 #Femvertising Award Winners: 2015–2019,
Documents,
Document 5.1 Picturesque America, Anywhere in the Mountains by Charles Dana Gibson, c. 1900,
Document 5.2 O'Hara, Neal R. 1920. "Those Fluttering Flappers: The Demi-Dame Who Is Too Young to Marry and Too Old to Believe in Santa." New York Evening World, April 20, 1920,
Document 5.3 Congressional Hearing: "The Image of Aging in Media and Marketing,"
Document 5.4 House Committee on the Judiciary Hearing: "Diversity in America: The Representation of People of Color in the Media,"
Document 5.5 Reporter Sulome Anderson Speaks Out on Challenges for Women Journalists,
Document 5.6 Congressional Resolution on Media Diversity,
Bibliography,
6 Resources,
Introduction,
Selected Books and Articles: Twentieth Century,
Selected Books and Articles: Twenty-First Century,
Contemporary Research Reports,
Digital Resources and Audio/Visual Material,
Organizations,
Relevant Hashtags,
Scholarly Journals,
7 Chronology,
Glossary,
Index,