Clays and Clay Minerals (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Clays and Clay Minerals 4
Copyright Page 7
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 10
ERRATUM 12
CHAPTER 1. FIELD TRIP TO WICHITA MOUNTAIN AREA, SOUTHWESTERN OKLAHOMA, HELD IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE EIGHTH NATIONAL CLAY CONFERENCE, OCTOBER 11, 1959 14
STOP 1 14
STOP 2 15
STOP 3 17
STOP 4 18
STOP 5 19
STOP 6 20
STOP 7 22
X-RAY DIFFRACTION DATA 23
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 23
CHAPTER 2. FURTHER CORRELATIONS OF KAOLINITE CRYSTALLINITY WITH CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 24
ABSTRACT 24
INTRODUCTION 24
DISCUSSION 24
SUMMARY 29
REFERENCES 29
CHAPTER 3. EVALUATION OF THE AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION OF MONTMORILLONITE IN SOME GEORGIA AND SOUTH CAROLINA KAOLINS 37
EXTENDED ABSTRACT 37
REFERENCES 40
CHAPTER 4. X-RAY AND INFRARED DATA ON HECTORITE–GUANIDINES AND MONTMORILLONITE–GUANIDINES 41
ABSTRACT 41
INTRODUCTION 41
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS 42
DISCUSSION 42
INFRARED 53
CONCLUSIONS 54
REFERENCES 56
CHAPTER 5. POTASSIUM-DEPLETED MUSCOVITE. PART I. PREPARATION USING FILTRATION PROCESS FOR TREATMENT WITH MOLTEN LITHIUM NITRATE 58
ABSTRACT 58
INTRODUCTION 58
EXPERIMENTAL 59
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 61
REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER 6. GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, AND GENESIS OF SELECTED FIRECLAYS FROM LATAH COUNTY, IDAHO 63
ABSTRACT 63
INTRODUCTION 63
GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGIC SETTING OF THE CLAYS FROM LATAH COUNTY, IDAHO 64
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SAMPLES 67
ANALYSES OF SAMPLES 71
CHANGES DURING ARGILLATION AND SEDIMENTATION, WITH INFERENCES ON ENVIRONMENT 79
SUMMARY 82
REFERENCES 82
CHAPTER 7. CHEMICAL WEATHERING OF LAYER SILICATE CLAYS IN LOESS-DERIVED TAMA SILT LOAM OF SOUTHWESTERN WISCONSIN 84
ABSTRACT 84
INTRODUCTION 84
REVIEW OF LITERATURE 85
MATERIALS AND METHODS 86
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 86
SUMMARY 102
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 102
REFERENCES 103
CHAPTER 8. THERMODYNAMICS OF WATER ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION ON MONTMORILLONITE 105
ABSTRACT 105
INTRODUCTION 105
MATERIALS AND METHODS 107
RESULTS 111
DISCUSSION 112
CONCLUSIONS 121
REFERENCES 122
CHAPTER 9. WATER VAPOR SORPTION ON KAOLINITE: ENTROPY OF ADSORPTION 123
ABSTRACT 123
INTRODUCTION 124
MATERIALS AND METHOD 126
RESULTS 127
DISCUSSION 129
CONCLUSIONS 133
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 134
REFERENCES 134
CHAPTER 10. ION ADSORPTION ON CLAYS: A REVIEW 136
ABSTRACT 136
CHAPTER 11. CATION EXCHANGE BEHAVIOR OF VERMICULITE–BIOTITE MIXTURES 137
ABSTRACT 137
INTRODUCTION 137
EXPERIMENTAL 139
REFERENCES 142
CHAPTER 12. DISTRIBUTION OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BETWEEN HOMOIONIC CLAYS AND SATURATING NaCl SOLUTIONS 143
ABSTRACT 143
INTRODUCTION 143
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 146
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 151
CONCLUSIONS 168
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 169
REFERENCES 169
CHAPTER 13. A STUDY OF THE SYNHESIS OF HECTORITE 171
ABSTRACT 171
INTRODUCTION 171
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 172
RESULTS 174
DISCUSSION 174
REFERENCES 189
CHAPTER 14. VISCOSITY OF WATER IN CLAY SYSTEMS 193
ABSTRACT 193
INTRODUCTION 193
THEORY 194
EXPERIMENTAL 195
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 197
REFERENCES 204
CHAPTER 15. HYDRATION PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENT CLAY MICAS 206
ABSTRACT 206
INTRODUCTION 206
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE 209
RESULTS 210
DISCUSSION 213
SUMMARY 214
REFERENCES 214
CHAPTER 16. HYDROTHERMAL ARGILLIC ALTERATION ON THE HELEN CLAIM, EAST TINTIC DISTRICT, UTAH* 216
ABSTRACT 216
INTRODUCTION 217
ALTERATION 217
TEMPERATURE OF FORMATION 224
CONCLUSIONS 224
REFERENCES 225
CHAPTER 17. GEOCHEMICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING PALEOSALINITY 226
ABSTRACT 226
INTRODUCTION 226
PROCEDURE 227
RESULTS 227
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 231
CONCLUSIONS 235
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 235
BIBLIOGRAPHY 236
CHAPTER 18. POSSIBLE USES OF CLAY MINERALS IN THE SEARCH FOR OIL 237
ABSTRACT 237
INTRODUCTION 237
GENERALITIES 237
EXAMPLES 239
ENVIRONMENTS 240
BOUNDARIES AND ZONATION 242
REGIONAL TRENDS 242
METAMORPHISM 243
RELATION OF MONTMORILLONITE TO HYDROCARBONS 245
SUMMARY 249
REFERENCES 250
CHAPTER 19. A MIXED-LAYER CLAY MINERAL ASSOCIATED WITH AN EVAPORITE 251
ABSTRACT 251
REFERENCES 259
CHAPTER 20. SEMIQUINONE CATION ADSORPTION ON MONTMORILLONITE AS A FUNCTION OF SURFACE ACIDITY 260
ABSTRACT 260
INTRODUCTION 260
ADSORPTION OF SEMIQUINONES ON CLAY SURFACES 262
EXPERIMENTAL 265
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 266
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 271
REFERENCES 274
CHAPTER 21. SOLIDS CONCENTRATION EFFECTS IN BENTONITE DRILLING FLUIDS 275
ABSTRACT 275
INTRODUCTION 275
THEORY 275
MATERIAL, APPARATUS AND PROCEDURES 277
DISCUSSION 279
CONCLUSIONS 293
REFERENCES 295
CHAPTER 22. MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL CLAYS INVOLVING VERMICULITE–CHLORITE–KAOLINITE DIFFERENTIATION 297
ABSTRACT 297
INTRODUCTION 297
SOILS EMPLOYED 298
PROCEDURES 299
ILLITE-RICH SOIL CLAYS 300
KAOLINITE-RICH CLAYS 305
CONCLUSIONS 307
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 307
REFERENCES 308
INDEX 310