Broadband Cable Access Networks (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Broadband Cable Access Networks 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Acknowledgments 10
About the Authors 12
Chapter 1: Linear Broadband Distribution Systems 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Organization of this Book 15
1.3 The Software Applications 16
1.4 Why this Book 17
Chapter 2: Coaxial RF Technology 18
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Coaxial Cable 18
2.3 Amplifiers 32
2.4 Passive Coaxial Components 59
2.5 Power Supplies 66
2.6 Summary 67
Chapter 3: Coaxial Distribution System Design 70
3.1 Introduction 70
3.2 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 71
3.3 Carrier to Distortion 72
3.4 Noise-Distortion Trade-Off 74
3.5 System Powering 76
3.6 Signal Level Management 80
3.7 Signal Level Stability 82
3.8 The Service Drop 83
3.9 Summary 90
Chapter 4: Linear Fiber-Optic Signal Transportation 94
4.1 Introduction 94
4.2 Optical Basics 95
4.3 Multimode Optical Fibers 100
4.4 Single-Mode Optical Fibers 103
4.5 Network Passives 112
4.6 Linear Optical Transmitters 115
4.7 Optical Amplifiers 123
4.8 Optical Receivers 125
4.9 Interactions among Transmitters, Fibers, and Receivers 127
4.10 End-to-End Fiber-Optic Link Performance 130
4.11 Summary 137
Chapter 5: Wavelength Division Multiplexing 140
5.1 Introduction 140
5.2 Wavelength Multiplexing: WWDM, CWDM, and DWDM 140
5.3 Components for WDM Systems 143
5.4 WDM-Specific Design Factors 145
5.5 Crosstalk Mechanisms 147
5.6 CSO due to Transmitter Chirp Combined with Imperfect Channel Flatness 165
5.7 Degradation in Shared-Detector, Multi-Wavelength Systems 167
5.8 Summary 172
Chapter 6: Linear Microwave Signal Transportation 174
6.1 Introduction 174
6.2 U.S. Regulation of Microwave Transmission 175
6.3 General Operational Principles 175
6.4 Path Design 179
6.5 Performance Calculation 185
6.6 Link Availability Factors 189
6.7 Summary 197
Chapter 7: End-to-End Performance 198
7.1 Introduction 198
7.2 Quality Standards and Requirements 198
7.3 Performance Allocations among Sections of Cable Systems 204
7.4 Noise and Distortion Allocations in Cable Systems 205
7.5 Typical Network Transmission Quality under Operational Conditions 209
7.6 Summary 225
Chapter 8: Upstream Issues 228
8.1 Introduction 228
8.2 The Two-Way Node 229
8.3 Downstream and Upstream Frequency Partitioning 230
8.4 Group Delay of Diplex Filters 231
8.5 Splitting the Node in the Upstream Direction 232
8.6 Return Signal Level Issues 236
8.7 Optional Ways to Specify Return Lasers 243
8.8 Characteristics of Return Lasers 249
8.9 Return Path Combining at the Headend 252
8.10 Spurious Signals in the Return Path 254
8.11 Characteristics of a Composite Reverse Signal 259
8.12 Reaction of Active Components to Signal Characteristics 261
8.13 Common Path Distortion 262
8.14 Return Path Interference Mitigation Techniques 263
8.15 Upstream Signal Power Apportionment 267
8.16 Practical Level Setting 272
8.17 Summary 276
Chapter 9: Architectural Requirements and Techniques 278
9.1 Introduction 278
9.2 Performance Parameters 279
9.3 Requirements by Service Type 297
9.4 Scalability 309
9.5 Summary 309
Chapter 10: Architectural Elements and Examples 312
10.1 Introduction 312
10.2 Architectural Elements 312
10.3 Architectural Examples 322
10.4 Summary 332
Chapter 11: Emerging Architectures 334
11.1 Introduction 334
11.2 Analog and Digital Optical Modulation 334
11.3 Combining Analog and Digital Transmission on the Same Fiber 339
11.4 Bidirectional Transmission 340
11.5 Fiber-Deep Architectures 341
11.6 Classifying Fiber-to-the-Home Systems 346
11.7 Distance Limitations 349
11.8 Limitations on Analog Transmission Distance 352
11.9 Limitations on Digital Transmission Distance 355
11.10 Low-Frequency Content Removal in Digital Transmission 358
11.11 Summary 359
Chapter 12: Network Reliability and Availability 360
12.1 Introduction 360
12.2 History and Benchmarking 361
12.3 Definitions and Basic Calculations 363
12.4 Effects of Redundant Network Connections 366
12.5 Absolute versus User-Perceived Parameters 367
12.6 Network Analysis 369
12.7 Analysis of a Typical HFC Network 380
12.8 Summary 387
Appendix: Channel Allocation 390
Glossary 398
Index 414