Ship Construction (eBook)

Cover 1
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Acknowledgments 10
Part 1 Introduction to Shipbuilding 12
Chapter 1 Basic Design of the Ship 14
Preparation of the Design 14
Information Provided by Design 15
Purchase of a New Vessel 17
Ship Contracts 18
Further Reading 20
Some Useful Web Sites 20
Chapter 2 Ship Dimensions, Form, Size or Category 21
Oil tankers 23
Bulk carriers 23
Container ships 25
IMO oil tanker categories 25
Some Useful Web Sites 25
Chapter 3 Development of Ship Types 26
Dry Cargo Ships 26
Bulk Carriers 33
Car Carriers 35
Oil Tankers 36
Passenger Ships 39
Further Reading 42
Part 2 Materials and Strength of Ships 44
Chapter 4 Classification Societies 46
Rules and Regulations 47
Lloyds Register 47
Lloyds Register Classification Symbols 47
Classification of Ships Operating in Ice 48
Structural Design Programs 49
Periodical Surveys 50
Hull Planned Maintenance Scheme 52
Damage Repairs 52
Further Reading 52
Some Useful Web Sites 52
Chapter 5 Steels 53
Manufacture of Steels 53
Heat Treatment of Steels 55
Steel Sections 56
Shipbuilding Steels 56
High Tensile Steels 57
Corrosion Resistant Steels 58
Steel Sandwich Panels 58
Steel Castings 59
Steel Forgings 60
Further Reading 60
Some Useful Web Sites 60
Chapter 6 Aluminium Alloy 61
Production of Aluminium 62
Aluminium Alloy Sandwich Panels 65
Fire Protection 65
Some Useful Web Sites 65
Chapter 7 Testing of Materials 66
Classification Society Tests for Hull Materials 68
Chapter 8 Stresses to which a Ship is Subject 71
Vertical Shear and Longitudinal Bending in Still Water 71
Bending Moments in a Seaway 71
Longitudinal Shear Forces 73
Bending Stresses 73
Transverse Stresses 77
Local Stresses 77
Brittle Fracture 78
Fatigue Failures 81
Buckling 81
Monitoring Ship Stresses at Sea 82
Further Reading 82
Some Useful Web Sites 83
Part 3 Welding and Cutting 84
Chapter 9 Welding and Cutting Processes used in Shipbuilding 86
Gas Welding 87
Electric Arc Welding 89
Other Welding Processes 98
Cutting Processes 103
Further Reading 107
Some Useful Web Sites 107
Chapter 10 Welding Practice and Testing Welds 108
Welding Practice 108
Welding Automation 110
Welding Sequences 112
Testing Welds 115
Non-destructive Testing 115
Classification Society Weld Tests 119
Further Reading 119
Some Useful Web Sites 119
Part 4 Shipyard Practice 120
Chapter 11 Shipyard Layout 122
Further Reading 125
Some Useful Web Sites 125
Chapter 12 Ship Drawing Office, Loftwork and CAD/CAM 126
Ship Drawing Office 126
Loftwork Following Drawing Office 130
Computer Aided Design (CAD)/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 131
Further Reading 134
Some Useful Web Sites 134
Chapter 13 Plate and Section Preparation and Machining 135
Plate and Section Preparation 135
Plate and Section Machining 137
Frame Bending 142
Further Reading 145
Some Useful Web Sites 146
Chapter 14 Prefabrication 147
Sub-assemblies 150
Unit Fabrication 150
Outfit Modules 151
Unit Erection 153
Joining Ship Sections Afloat 157
Further Reading 157
Chapter 15 Launching 158
End Launches 158
Side Launches 167
Building Docks 167
Ship Lifts 168
Further Reading 168
Part 5 Ship Structure 170
Chapter 16 Bottom Structure 172
Keels 172
Single Bottom Structure 174
Double Bottom Structure 174
Machinery Seats 181
Chapter 17 Shell Plating and Framing 185
Shell Plating 185
Framing 187
Tank Side Brackets 189
Local Strengthening of Shell Plating 189
Bilge Keel 193
Further Reading 201
Some Useful Web Sites 201
Chapter 18 Bulkheads and Pillars 202
Bulkheads 202
Watertight Doors 208
Deep Tanks 210
Topside Tanks 213
Shaft Tunnel 213
Pillars 214
Further Reading 219
Some Useful Web Sites 219
Chapter 19 Decks, Hatches, and Superstructures 220
Decks 220
Hatches 226
Bulwarks 230
Superstructures and Deckhouses 232
Further Reading 235
Some Useful Web Sites 235
Chapter 20 Fore End Structure 237
Stem 237
Bulbous Bows 239
Chain Locker 240
Hawse Pipes 242
Bow Steering Arrangements 244
Bow Thrust Units 244
Further Reading 244
Some Useful Web Sites 244
Chapter 21 Aft End Structure 245
Stern Construction 245
Stern Frame 248
Rudders 250
Steering Gear 252
Sterntube 254
Shaft Bossing and ‘A’ Brackets 254
Propellers 256
Electric Podded Propulsors 258
Further Reading 260
Some Useful Web Sites 260
Chapter 22 Tanker Construction 262
Oil Tankers 262
Materials for Tanker Construction 264
Construction in Tank Spaces 265
Bulkheads 268
Hatchways 269
Testing Tanks 269
Fore End Structure 270
After End Structure 271
Superstructures 271
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Vessels 272
Chemical Tankers 273
Further Reading 274
Some Useful Web Sites 274
Chapter 23 Liquefied Gas Carriers 275
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 275
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 275
The IMO International Gas Carrier Code 277
Liquefied Petroleum Gas Ships 279
Liquefied Natural Gas Ships 282
General Arrangement of Gas Carriers 284
Lloyd’s Classification 285
Further Reading 285
Some Useful Web Sites 285
Part 6 Outfit 286
Chapter 24 Lifting Arrangements 288
Masts and Sampson Posts 288
Derrick Rigs 289
Shipboard Cranes 297
Further Reading 300
Some Useful Web Sites 300
Chapter 25 Cargo Access, Handling and Restraint 301
Stern and Bow Doors 301
Ramps 302
Side Doors and Loaders 303
Portable Decks 305
Scissors Lift 306
Cargo Restraint 306
Further Reading 308
Some Useful Web Sites 308
Chapter 26 Pumping and Piping Arrangements 309
Bilge and Ballast Pumping and Piping 309
General Service Pipes and Pumping 312
Air and Sounding Pipes 313
Sea Inlets 313
Cargo Pumping and Piping Arrangements in Tankers 314
Further Reading 319
Some Useful Web Sites 319
Chapter 27 Corrosion Control and Anti-fouling Systems 320
Nature and Forms of Corrosion 320
Corrosion Control 325
Anti-fouling Systems 330
Painting Ships 332
Further Reading 335
Some Useful Web Sites 335
Chapter 28 Ventilation, Refrigeration, and Insulation 337
Ventilation 337
Refrigeration 339
Insulation 339
Refrigerated Container Ships 341
Further Reading 343
Some Useful Web Sites 343
Part 7 International Regulations 344
Chapter 29 International Maritime Organization 346
Organization of IMO 346
Work of IMO 346
Relationship with National Authorities 347
Relationship with Classification Societies 348
Further Reading 348
Some Useful Web Sites 349
Chapter 30 Tonnage 350
International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969 350
Tonnages 350
Measurement 351
Compensated Gross Tonnage (CGT) 352
Further Reading 353
Chapter 31 Load Line Rules 354
Freeboard Computation 354
Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard 358
Further Reading 362
Chapter 32 Structural Fire Protection 363
Requirements 363
‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ Class Divisions 364
Openings in Fire Protection Divisions 366
Protection of Special Category Spaces 367
Fire Protection Arrangements in High Speed Craft 367
Further Reading 368
Some Useful Web Sites 368
Index 370