Volcanism in the Campania Plain (eBook)

Cover 1
Title page 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 6
Preface 8
Acknowlegements 12
Chapter 1 The volcanological history of the volcanoes of Naples: a review 14
1. Introduction 14
2. The Campanian Ignimbrite(s) 15
3. Campi Flegrei 17
4. The caldera unrest (Bradyseism) 20
5. Mount Vesuvius 27
6. The structure and feeding system of Vesuvius 32
7. Conclusions 34
Acknowledgements 35
References 35
Chapter 2 The Pleistocene extension of the Campania Plain in the framework of the southern Tyrrhenian tectonic evolution: morphotectonic analysis, kinematic model and implications for volcanism 40
1. Introduction 41
2. Geology of the Tyrrhenian–Apennines region 41
3. Morpho-structural analysis 44
4. Structural associations and determination of extension directions 48
5. Chronology of the extensional phases 49
6. Methods and constrains for the elaboration of the kinematic model 52
7. Discussion 57
8. Conclusions 61
Acknowledgements 61
References 62
Chapter 3 Rapid changes of the accommodation space in the Late Quaternary succession of Naples Bay, Italy: the influence of volcanism and tectonics 66
1. Introduction 66
2. Geological setting 67
3. Materials and methods 71
4. Results 72
5. Discussion 75
6. Concluding remarks 79
Acknowledgments 79
References 79
Chapter 4 Gravitational instability of submarine volcanoes offshore Campi Flegrei (Naples Bay, Italy) 82
1. Introduction 82
2. Geological setting 84
3. Materials 85
4. Results 86
5. Discussion 93
6. Concluding remarks 95
Acknowledgements 95
References 95
Chapter 5 The Campi Flegrei caldera boundary in the city of Naples 98
1. Introduction 98
2. Stratigraphy 99
3. Caldera geometry in the city of Naples 105
4. Volcanism in the central part of Naples and the Campanian Ignimbrite caldera collapse 106
5. Conclusions 107
Acknowledgements 108
References 108
Chapter 6 The Late-Holocene evolution of the Miseno area (south-western Campi Flegrei) as inferred by stratigraphy, petrochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology 110
1. Introduction 110
2. Geological setting 111
3. Hydrovolcanic centres of Miseno area: previous studies 113
4. Materials and methods 115
5. Results 116
6. The Miseno area 130
7. Concluding remarks 134
Acknowledgements 134
References 134
Chapter 7 Magmatic–hydrothermal fluid interaction and mineralization in alkali-syenite nodules from the Breccia Museo pyroclastic deposit, Naples, Italy 138
1. Introduction 138
2. Studied samples 142
3. Nodules: mineral chemistry and petrography 147
4. Discussion 166
5. Concluding remarks 171
Acknowledgements 171
References 171
Chapter 8 Structural control on the Upper Pleistocene ignimbrite eruptions in the Neapolitan area (Italy): volcano tectonic faults versus caldera faults 176
1. Introduction 176
2. Geological setting 178
3. Onshore stratigraphy 179
4. Offshore stratigraphy 184
5. Geological sections in the Neapolitan area 186
6. Discussion and conclusions 190
Acknowledgements 191
References 191
Chapter 9 The magma feeding system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) strato-volcano: new inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope data 194
1. Introduction 194
2. Volcanological and magmatological background 195
3. Mineral, chemical and isotopic data: description and previous interpretations 197
4. Discussion 205
5. Conclusions 211
Acknowledgements 211
References 211
Chapter 10 Input of deep-seated volatile-rich magmas and dynamics of violent strombolian eruptions at Vesuvius 216
1. Introduction 216
2. Analytical techniques 217
3. Results 218
4. Discussion and conclusions 226
Acknowledgements 229
References 229
Chapter 11 The role of sulfur in promoting magmatic degassing and volcanic eruption at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius 232
1. Introduction and geologic background 232
2. Results and discussion 234
Acknowledgements 244
References 244
Chapter 12 Influence of hydrothermal processes on geochemical variations between 79 AD and 1944 AD Vesuvius eruptions 248
1. Introduction 248
2. Previous studies 249
3. Results 250
4. Evolution of the hydrothermal system at Somma-Vesuvius 255
5. Conclusions 258
Acknowledgements 259
References 259
Chapter 13 Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotopic data 262
1. Introduction 262
2. Previous work 264
3. Methods 271
4. Description of data 277
5. Discussion 286
Acknowledgments 297
References 298
Chapter 14 A hydrothermal model for ground movements (bradyseism) at Campi Flegrei, Italy 302
1. Introduction 303
2. History of Campi Flegrei bradyseism and models proposed to explain the deformation 304
3. Magma and hydrothermal fluids 308
4. Fluid and melt inclusion data from Campi Flegrei and other Neapolitan sub-volcanic systems 313
5. A model of the bradyseism at Campi Flegrei 321
6. Conclusions 325
Acknowledgments 326
References 326
Author Index 332
Subject Index 334