The Evolution of Humanitarian-Intervention in International Law

Cian Moran, Ph.D. (2022), University of Galway, is a serving naval officer with the Irish Defence Forces. He has published several articles in the fields of international law with a focus on international law and the use of force. In addition to his PhD, Cian holds an LLM in International Law from the University of Nottingham, an LL.B. in Law from the University of Galway, a diploma in Irish(Gaelic) from the University of Galway and a BSc in Nautical Science from Munster Technological University.

Foreword


Acknowledgements


Acronyms


Cases


1 Introduction

 1 Research Question


 2 Methodology and Structure




2 The Role of Humanitarian-Intervention in Customary International Law

 1 Humanitarian-Intervention, the UN Charter and Customary International Law


 2 The Origins of Humanitarian-Intervention




3 Humanitarian-Intervention in the Ottoman Empire

 1 Humanitarian-Intervention in Greece 1827

 1.1 Inaction and Intervention in Greece


 1.2 Humanitarian-Intervention and Greece




 2 Humanitarian-Intervention in Ottoman Syria 1860

 2.1 The Maronite-Druze Civil War of 1860


 2.2 French Intervention


 2.3 Humanitarian-Intervention and Syria




 3 Humanitarian-Intervention in Bulgaria 1877

 3.1 The Bulgarian Rebellion of 1876


 3.2 Britain and the Bulgarian Rebellion


 3.3 Russia and the Bulgarian Rebellion


 3.4 The Conference of Constantinople and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878


 3.5 Humanitarian-Intervention and Bulgaria




 4 Humanitarian-Intervention in the Nineteenth Century




4 Humanitarian-Intervention in the Twentieth Century

 1 Humanitarian-Intervention in East Pakistan, 1971

 1.1 The Indo-Pakistan War of 1971


 1.2 Humanitarian-Intervention and East Pakistan




 2 Humanitarian-Intervention in Cambodia, 1978

 2.1 The Vietnam-Cambodia War


 2.2 Humanitarian-Intervention and Cambodia




 3 Humanitarian-Intervention in Uganda 1979

 3.1 Uganda under Idi Amin


 3.2 The Ugandan-Tanzanian War of 1979


 3.3 Humanitarian-Intervention and Uganda




 4 Humanitarian-Intervention during the Cold War




5 Humanitarian-Intervention in the Post Cold War Era

 1 Humanitarian-Intervention in Iraq and Operation Provide Comfort 1991

 1.1 The Iraqi Kurds


 1.2 Operation Provide Comfort


 1.3 Humanitarian-Intervention and Operation Provide Comfort




 2 The Rwandan Genocide and Operation Turquoise 1994

 2.1 The UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda (unamir)


 2.2 The Rwandan Genocide


 2.3 Operation Turquoise




 3 The Kosovo War and Operation Allied Force

 3.1 Operation Allied Force


 3.2 Humanitarian-Intervention and the Kosovo War




 4 Humanitarian-Intervention in the 1990s


 5 The Responsibility to Protect (R2P)


 6 The Libyan Civil War and Operation Unified Protector 2011

 6.1 UN Security Council Resolution 1973


 6.2 Resolution 1973 and the Responsibility to Protect


 6.3 Legitimacy and the Overthrow of Gaddaffi


 6.4 Humanitarian-Intervention, R2P and Operation Unified Protector




 7 The Russia-Ukraine War

 7.1 Russia’s Annexation of Crimea 2014


 7.2 The Donbas War


 7.3 Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine in 2022


 7.4 The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War


 7.5 Humanitarian-Intervention and the Russia-Ukraine War




6 Conclusion: The Existence of Humanitarian-Intervention under Customary International Law

 1 The Role of Public Opinion in Humanitarian-Intervention


 2 The Risks Posed by Humanitarian-Intervention


 3 The Importance of Multilateralism


 4 The End of Humanitarian-Intervention?




Bibliography


Index