Ius Doni in International Law and EU Law

Dr. Christian H. Kälin, citizenship expert as well as Chairman of Henley & Partners, advises governments on investment migration programs and policy. He is a frequent writer and speaker on the subject and (co-)author of several other publications, including the Global Residence and Citizenship Handbook and the Quality of Nationality Index.

List of Abbreviations

List of Illustration

Table of Cases



Introduction

1 Key Contours of Citizenship and Ius Doni

 1. 1Citizenship Framework and Development

  1.1.1 Citizenship and State Sovereignty

  1.1.2 Citizenship in Ancient Greece and Rome

  1.1.3 Citizenship from the Middle Ages to Modern History

  1.1.4 Citizenship in the XXth and XXIst Centuries

 1.2 Ius Doni and Citizenship Realities

  1.2.1 Citizenship Requirements

  1.2.2 Facilitated Naturalisation

  1.2.3 Ius Doni and Other Forms of Naturalisation

  1.2.4 Ius Doni and Inequalities

 1.3 Conclusions to Chapter 1

2 Ius Doni in International Law

 2.1 Rules and Limitations of International Law

  2.1.1 Citizenship and Non-discrimination

  2.1.2 Right to Citizenship

  2.1.3 Statelessness in Practice

  2.1.4 Mass Conferral of Citizenship

 2.2 Dual Nationality and Residence

  2.2.1 Dual Citizenship: From Resistance to Acceptance

  2.2.2 Diplomatic and Consular Protection

  2.2.3 Genuine Link and Acquisition of Citizenship

  2.2.4 Residence and Ius Doni

 2.3 Conclusions to Chapter 2

3 Ius Doni in EU Law

 3.1 Supranational Cooperation and Citizenship Beyond the Nation-State

  3.1.1 The New Legal Order

  3.1.2 EU Citizenship

  3.1.3 Discretion of Member States in Citizenship Matters

  3.1.4 Rights of EU Citizens

 3.2 Solidarity and Loyal Cooperation

  3.2.1 Article 4(3) TEU

  3.2.2 The Maltese Matter: Article 4(3) in Practice?

  3.2.3 Genuine Link and Sincere Cooperation

  3.2.4 Ius Doni and Mass Conferral of Citizenship

 3.3 Conclusions to Chapter 3

4 Ius Doni : Procedures and Practices

 4.1 Justification and Procedures

  4.1.1 The Economic Imperative

  4.1.2 Requirements of Citizenship and Residence Programs

  4.1.3 The Due Diligence Process

  4.1.4 Associated Risks

 4.2 Ius Doni Practices and National Legislation

  4.2.1 Austria

  4.2.2 Montenegro

  4.2.3 St. Kitts and Nevis

  4.2.4 Malta

 4.3 Conclusions to Chapter 4

5 Conclusion: The Reality of Citizenship in the XXIst Century



Bibliography

Index