U.S. Government Contractors and Human Trafficking

Celline Cole studied psychology, criminology, and international criminal justice in Heidelberg and Amsterdam. She is a 2016 cum laude graduate of the M.Sc. program International Crimes and Criminology at Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam where she also worked as a researcher at the Center for International Criminal Justice (CICJ). Her main research and personal interests are human trafficking, mental health and human rights, and psychosocial interventions in conflict zones. Celline recently completed a four-month internship in the Mental Health Policy and Service Development team at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva and is currently pursuing a further graduate degree in clinical psychology at Freie Universität Berlin. Resy Vermeltfoort holds a Bachelor's degree in Journalism and Political Science and graduated from the M.Sc. program International Crimes and Criminology at the Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam. She worked as a Human Rights and Advocacy Officer at Refugee Law Project, a community outreach project of the School of Law, Makerere University, Uganda. During her time with Refugee Law Project her thematic areas of focus were transitional justice and gender-based violence against men and boys during conflict. Resy currently works on the topics of gender equality and women's economic empowerment at SNV Netherlands Development Organisation, Vietnam.

Part I: From Workers to Victims - Human Trafficking and Forced Labor of Third Country Nationals by U.S. Government Contractor KBR, Inc. in Iraq.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Private Military Industry.- 3. Human Trafficking and Forced Labor of TCNs in Iraq.- 4. Legal Framework.- 5. Theoretical Framework.- 6. Analysis.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- 8. Discussion.- Part II: From Peacekeepers to Perpetrators - Case Study of Private Contractor DynCorp and their Complicity in Sex Trafficking in Post-war Bosnia.- 9. Introduction.- 10. Private Military and Security Companies.- 11. Sex Trafficking and Endeavoring a Cover-up as International Crimes.- 12. Theoretical Framework.- 13. Analysis and Explanations.- 14. Revised Analytical Framework.- 15. Discussion and Recommendations.