Architect's Legal Handbook (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Architect's Legal Handbook: The Law for Architects 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Editors' Preface 6
Acknowledgements 7
List of Contributors 8
Chapter 1. Introduction to English Law 14
1 The importance of law 14
2 Sources of law 14
3 Legal history 15
4 Construction cases within the present system 18
5 The scheme of this book 18
Chapter 2. Introduction to Scots Law 19
1 Law and Scotland 19
2 Sources 19
3 Courts and the legal profession 20
4 Branches of law 21
Chapter 3. The English Law of Contract 22
1 Introduction 22
2 Scope of the law of contract 22
3 What is a contract ? 22
4 Intention to create legal relations 22
5 Consideration 23
6 'Agreement' 23
7 Terms of a contract 24
8 Exclusion clauses and UCTA 26
9 Standard term contracts 26
10 Misrepresentation 26
11 Performance and breach 27
12 Privity of contract and agency 28
13 Limitation under the Limitation Act 1980 29
Chapter 4. The Law of Tort 31
1 Introduction 31
2 Nuisance 31
3 The rule in Rylands v Fletcher 33
4 Breach of statutory duty 33
5 The Defective Premises Act 1972 34
6 Trespass 34
7 Negligence 35
8 Limitation 38
9 Liability of local authorities in respect of negligence in building control 39
10 Contribution 39
Chapter 5. Architect's Appointment and Collateral Warranties 41
1 The appointment 41
2 Agreement of appointment 41
3 Termination 42
4 Ownership 43
5 Conditions of engagement 43
6 Speculative work and tendering for architects' services 47
7 Collateral warranties 48
Chapter 6. Architects' Liability 50
1 Introduction 50
2 Liability for breach of contact 50
3 Liability for carelessness in contract and in tort 51
4 Liability in contract and in a tort compared and contrasted 54
5 Statutory liability 54
6 Measure of damages 55
7 When liability is barred by lapse of time 56
Chapter 7. English Land Law 57
1 Conveyancing 57
2 The extent of land 59
3 Easements 60
4 Restrictive covenants 62
5 Landlord and tenant covenants 62
6 Business tenancies - architects' offices 64
Chapter 8. Scottish Land Law 65
1 Introduction 65
2 Corporeal heritable property and feudal law 65
3 Other restrictions of corporeal heritable property 67
4 Sale of land and buildings 69
5 Incorporeal heritable property 69
6 Corporeal movable property 69
7 Incorporeal movable property 69
Chapter 9. Standard building contracts in England 70
Introduction to the Standard Form of Contract 70
The Standard Form of Building Contract, 1980 edition 72
Part 1 Conditions 75
Part 2 Nominated sub-contractors and suppliers 99
Part 3 Fluctuations 105
THE SUB-CONTRACT DOCUMENTS: NSC/1, NSC/2, NSC/2a, NSC/3 110
JCT NOMINATED SUB-CONTRACTNSC/4 119
Conditions 120
Chapter 10. Building Contracts in Scotland 150
1 Introduction 150
2 The Building Contract 151
3 The Scottish supplement - Appendix I 152
4 The Scottish supplement - Appendix II 155
5 Different editions of the Standard Form 156
6 Nominated sub-contracts 156
7 The alternative method of nomination 164
8 Scottish Minor Works Contract 168
9 Sub-contracts for Domestic Sub-contractors 168
10 Scottish Management Contract 168
11 Scottish Measured Term Contract 168
Chapter 11. Arbitration 169
1 Nature of arbitration 169
2 Procedure 173
3 The award 174
4 Professional witnesses in arbitration 176
5 Arbitration in Scotland 178
Chapter 12. Statutory Authorities in England and Wales 182
1 Introductory 182
2 Connections to services - statutory undertakers 185
3 Private streets 188
4 Grants 188
5 Housing associations and societies 190
6 Special premises 191
Chapter 13. Statutory Authorities in Scotland 194
1 Introduction: Local government in Scotland 194
2 Connection to services 195
3 Private streets and footpaths 196
4 Grants 196
5 Housing associations 196
6 Special considerations 196
Chapter 14. Planning Law 197
1 Introduction 197
2 Local planning authorities or who is to deal with planning applications?
3 The meaning of development 200
4 Control of development in general 201
5 Buildings of special architectural or historic interest - listed buildings 206
6 Urban Development Corporations Enterprise Zones
7 Enforcement of planning control 209
8 L' envoi 210
Chapter 15. Construction Regulations in England and Wales 225
1 Building Acts and Regulations 225
2 The Building Regulations 1985 227
3 Private certification 233
4 Exemptions from control 233
5 Other controls under the Building Act 234
6 Other national legislation 236
7 Building control in Inner London 238
8 Local legislation outside London 241
Chapter 16. Construction Regulations in Scotland 243
1 Introduction 243
2 Building (Scotland) Acts 1959 and 1970 246
3 Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1981 to 1987 251
4 Other national legislation affecting building 259
5 General 261
Chapter 17. Copyright 262
1 The basic rules of copyright 262
2 Protection under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 263
3 Qualification 264
4 Publication 265
5 Ownership 265
6 Exceptions from infringement of architects' copyright 265
7 Infringement 266
8 Licences 266
9 Remedies for infringement 269
10 Industrial designs 269
11 Moral rights 270
12 Law of copyright in Scotland 271
Chapter 18. Architects and the Law of Employment 272
1 Sources and institutions 272
2 The contract of employment 273
3 Dismissal 274
4 Collective labour relations law 277
5 Health and safety 279
Chapter 19. Legal Organization of Architects' Offices 281
1 Running an architectural business 281
2 Partnership 281
3 Limited partnerships 284
4 Companies 285
5 Premises and persons 289
6 Insurance 291
7 Differences between English and Scots lawpartnerships 292
Chapter 20. Architects' Professional Indemnity Insurance 293
1 Some basic insurance principles 293
2 Professional indemnity insurance policy 294
3 Risk management 295
Chapter 21. European Community Law affecting Architects 296
1 The European Community and its institutions 296
2 The treaties 296
3 Public procurement 298
4 Technical harmonization and standards 307
5 Right of establishment and freedom to provide services - the Architects Directive 85/384 EEC 308
6 The Product Liability Directive 85/374 and the Consumer Protection Act 1987 308
7 Safety and Health Requirements of Workplaces Directive 89/391/EEC 309
8 Other proposals 309
Chapter 22. International Work by Architects 310
1 Introduction 310
2 Conflicts of laws 312
3 FIDIC 314
4 The future 314
Chapter 23. Professional Conduct in England 316
1 The nature of professionalism in architecture 316
2 Codes of professional conduct 316
3 ARCUK guidelines 317
4 The RIB A Code of Conduct 318
Chapter 24. Professional Conduct in Scotland 321
1 Introduction 321
2 The RIAS Code 321
3 Intimations 321
4 Conclusion 323
Bibliography 324
General books on law and procedure affectingthe construction industry 324
Liability generally 324
Arbitration 324
Building Contracts 324
Copyright 324
Employment 325
European Community Law 325
Land Law 325
Partnership and Company Law 325
Planning 325
Professional Conduct for Architects 325
Statutory Authorities 325
Table of Statutes and Statutory Instruments 326
Table of Cases 328
Index 330