Behavior of Marine Animals: Cetaceans

1 Some Recent Uses and Potentials of Radiotelemetry in Field Studies of Cetaceans.- I. Introduction.- A. Historical Background.- B. Transmitter and Receiver Development.- II. Radio Tracking from Aircraft and Satellites.- A. Hand-Held Receivers and Automatic Direction Finders.- B. Fuselage-Mounted Antennae.- C. Tests of Performance.- D. Relocation and Data Collection.- E. Gigi.- III. Shore Station Monitoring.- A. Radio Tracking Using Shore Stations.- IV. Radiotelemetry and Coordinated Environmental Sampling.- V. Multiple Animal Radio Tracks.- VI. Methods for Attaching Radio Transmitter Packages.- VII. Summary and Recommendations.- References.- 2 Identification of Humpback Whales by Fluke Photographs.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods.- III. Results.- IV. Discussion.- V. Summary.- References.- 3 The Natural History of Dall's Porpoise in the North Pacific Ocean.- I. Introduction.- II. Taxonomic Considerations.- III. Distribution and Population Shifts.- IV. Predators.- V. Coloration.- VI. Parasites and Commensals.- A. Helminth Parasites.- B. Epizoic Commensals.- VII. Feeding Habits.- VIII. Morphology.- A. External Morphology.- B. Organ Weights.- IX. Reproduction.- A. Female Reproductive Tract.- B. Male Reproductive Tract.- X. Behavior.- A. Swimming.- B. Diving.- C. Play.- D. Agonistic Behavior.- E. Senses.- XI. Discussion and Conclusions.- References.- 4 The Northern Right Whale Dolphin Lissodelphis borealis Peale in the Eastern North Pacific.- I. Introduction.- II. Distribution, Seasonal Movement, and Abundance.- A. Smithsonian Institution.- B. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).- C. University of California.- D. Naval Undersea Center.- III. Herd Sizes.- IV. Herd Configuration.- V. Interspecific Associations.- VI. Swimming Behavior.- VII. Sound Production.- VIII. Strandings.- IX. Coloration.- A. Coloration of Adults.- B. Coloration of Calves.- C. Color Variation.- X. Reproduction.- XI. Food Habits.- XII. Parasitism.- XIII. Morphometrics.- References.- 5 The Natural History of the Bottlenose Whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus Forster.- I. Introduction.- II. Distribution.- A. Geographic Distribution.- B. Migration.- C. Water Depth.- D. Water Temperature.- E. Relation to Ice.- F. Segregation.- III. Behavior.- A. Social Organization.- B. Care-Giving.- C. Diving.- IV. Feeding.- V. Reproduction.- A. Sexual Maturity in Males.- B. Sexual Maturity in Females.- C. Pregnancy.- D. Lactation.- E. Reproductive Cycle.- VI. Age and Growth.- VII. Summary.- References.- 6 The Socioecology of Humpback Dolphins (Sousa sp.).- I. Introduction.- II. The Study Area.- A. Zone I.- B. Zone II.- III. Methods.- IV. Statistical Analysis of Results.- V. The Dolphins.- A. Calf I.- B. Calf II.- C. Juvenile.- D. Grayback.- E. Whitefin.- VI. Results.- A. Range.- B. Seasonal Occurrence.- C. Social Structure.- D. Birth Periodicity.- E. Maintenance Activities and Social Behavior.- F. Utilization of Habitat.- G. Diurnal Activity Cycle.- H. Influence of the Tidal Cycle upon Behavior.- I. Interactions with Other Animals.- VII. Discussion.- References.- 7 Social Organization in Sperm Whales, Physeter macrocephalus.- I. Introduction.- A. Review of Previous Work.- B. Scope of the Present Work.- II. Composition of Population.- III. Composition of Groupings.- A. All-Male Groups.- B. Groups of Mixed Sexes.- C. Effective Sex Ratio in the Population.- IV. Ontogeny of Schooling Behavior.- A. Segregation of Males from Mixed Schools.- B. Segregation of Males to Higher Latitudes.- V. Geographical Distribution of Groupings.- VI. Migrations.- VII. Social Organization and Its Development.- A. Form of Social Organization in the Sperm Whale.- B. Evolution of Polygyny.- VIII. Implications for Management.- References.- 8 Behavior and Significance of Entrapped Baleen Whales.- I. Introduction.- II. Ice Entrapment.- A. Causes.- B. Experimental Methods.- C. Results.- D. Discussion.- III. Net Entrapments.- A. Causes.- B. Experimental Methods.- C. Results.- D. Discussion.- IV. Techniques of Measuring, Tagging, and Release.- V. Significance and Summary.- References.- 9 The Vocal and Behavioral Reactions of the Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, to Playback of Its Sounds.- I. Introduction.- II. Materials and Methods.- III. Results.- A. Playback of Sounds Recorded from the Captive Animals.- B. Playback of Sounds Recorded from the Saguenay Herd.- IV. Discussion.- A. Playback of Sounds Recorded from the Captive Animals.- B. Playback of Sounds Recorded from the Saguenay Herd.- References.- 10 The Whistle Repertoire of the North Atlantic Pilot Whale (Globicephala melaena) and Its Relationship to Behavior and Environment.- I. Introduction.- II. Materials and Methods.- III. Results.- IV. Discussion.- V. Summary.- References.- 11 The Whistle of the Atlantic Bottlenosed Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)-Ontogeny.- I. Introduction.- II. Literature Review.- III. Methods.- IV. Equipment.- V. Differences in Whistles by Age Class.- A. Sound Loops.- B. Durations.- C. Frequency Modulations.- D. Stereotypy.- VI. Analyses of Whistles of Individual Infants.- A. Infant Number 1.- B. Infant Number 2.- C. Infant Number 3.- D. Infant Number 4.- E. Infant Number 5.- F. Infant Number 6.- G. Infant Number 7.- H. Infant Number 8.- I. Infant Number 9.- J. Infant Number 10.- K. Infant Number 11.- L. Infant Number 12.- M. Infant Number 13.- N. Infant Number 14.- VII. Summary and Discussion.- References.- 12 Mysticete Sounds.- I. Introduction.- II. Methods.- III. Species Accounts.- A. Mysticete Taxonomy.- B. Family Balaenidae.- C. Family Eschrichtiidae.- D. Family Balaenopteridae.- IV. Miscellaneous Sounds.- V. Discussion.- References.