Redox Signaling and Regulation in Biology and Medicine

Claus Jacob is Junior Professor of Bioorganic Chemistry at the School of Pharmacy, University of Saarland, Germany. He studied chemistry in Kaiserslautern, Germany, and Leicester, UK, subsequently earning his doctorate from the University of Oxford. From 1996 until 1999 he was a postdoc under Prof. Bert Vallee at Harvard Medical School, before taking up the position of lecturer in inorganic chemistry at the University of Exeter, where he remained until moving to his current position in 2005. Claus Jacob is currently coordinator of the EU Framework 7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network on "Natural Products and related Redox Catalysts: Basic Research and Applications in Medicine and Agriculture". His particular interest is in the chemistry underlying biochemical redox events, most notably reactive sulfur species. Paul Winyard is Professor of Experimental Medicine at Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Exeter, UK (since 2002). He previously held a Chair in Experimental Medicine at St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK, and was a Visiting Professor at the University of California, San Francisco (2000-2001). Paul's research interests centre on the role of oxidative/nitrosative stress in human chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, he has focused on the development of novel therapeutic strategies and free radical assays, and the translation of these developments into preclinical and early-phase clinical studies.

Introduction
Biological Systems Relevant for Redox Signaling and Control
Cellular Generation of Oxidants: Relation to Oxidative Stress
The Chemical Basis of Biological Redox Control
Protein Glutathiolation
Structure and Function of the Human Peroxiredoxin-Based Antioxidant System: the Interplay between Peroxiredoxins, Thioredoxins, Thioredoxin Reductases, Sulfiredoxins and Sestrins
Hydrogen Peroxide and Cysteine Protein Signaling Pathways
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases as Mediators of Redox Signaling
Hypoxia-Induced Gene Regulation through Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1a
Eicosanoid-Based Signaling
Redox-Controlled Transcription Factors and Gene Expression
Nitric Oxide Regulation in Redox Signaling
Is Hydrogen Sulfide a Regulator of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in the Vasculature?
Aspects of Nox/Duox Signaling
Photodynamic Therapy with Aminolevulinic Acid and Iron Chelators: A Clinical Example of Redox Signaling
Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis
Redox Regulation of Apoptosis in Immune Cells
Redox Control in Human Disease with a Special Emphasis on the Peroxiredoxin-Based Antioxidant System
Free Radicals and Mammalian Aging