Metal Contamination in Aquatic Environments

Sam Luoma was a research scientist at the U.S. Geological Survey for 34 years, before moving to the University of California at Davis. He was the first Lead Scientist for California's redesign of water management, gaining valuable experience in linking science and policy. He was a W. J. Fulbright Distinguished Scholar in 2004 and was awarded the U.S. Presidential Rank Award for career accomplishments in 2005. Phil Rainbow is Keeper of Zoology at The Natural History Museum in London, managing both public communication of science and a staff of more than 100 working scientists in one of the premier scientific institutions in the world. He was awarded the annual Kenneth Mellanby Review Lecture Prize by the journal Environmental Pollution in 2002.

1. Introduction; 2. Conceptual underpinnings: science and management; 3. Historical and disciplinary context; 4. Sources and cycles of trace metals; 5. Concentrations and speciation of metals in natural waters; 6. Trace metals in suspended particulates and sediments: concentrations and geochemistry; 7. Trace metal bioaccumulation; 8. Biomonitors; 9. Manifestation of the toxic effects of trace metals: the biological perspective; 10. Toxicity testing; 11. Manifestation of metal effects in nature; 12. Mining and metal contamination: science, controversies and policies; 13. Selenium: dietary exposure, trophic transfer and food web effects; 14. Organometals: tributyl tin and methyl mercury; 15. Hazard rankings and water quality guidelines; 16. Sediment quality guidelines; 17. Harmonizing approaches to managing metal contamination: integrative and weight of evidence approaches; 18. Conclusions: science and policy.