Physics of Radiology

Introduction
Introduction to Medical Imaging
-Sketches of the ImagingModalities
-X-Ray Imaging I:Overview of Film Radiography
Appendix: The Roleof Medical Physics in an Imaging Department
Scientific and TechnicalBasis
Radiation and Matter
-Mass, Motion, and Force
Appendix:Functions
-Electric Fields and Accelerating Electrons
-Magnetic Fields andElectromagnetic Waves
Appendix: Periodic Functions
-The Inviolate Rule of EnergyConservation
-Atoms and Photons
-Matter: Gases and Liquids, Metals,Superconductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors
-Resistors, Transistors, and All That:
An Introduction to Electronic Circuits
Appendix: Exponential and LogarithmicFunctions
Scientific Foundations for the Various Modalities
-Ultrasound ImagingI: Reflections of Acoustic Waves in Elastic Tissues
-Magnetic Resonance Imaging I: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Stable Hydrogen Nuclei in the Water Molecules of Tissues
-Gamma Ray Imaging I: Harnessing Radioactive Decay
Appendix: Derivativesof Functions
-X-ray Imaging II: Interaction of High-Energy Photons with AtomicElectrons
Appendix: Probability
-Radiation Dose I: The Detection and Quantificationof Ionizing Radiation
-X-ray Imaging III: Mapping Images on Film
-A Synthesis:Radioactive Decay, X-Ray Beam Attenuation, Nuclear Spin Relaxation, Cell Killing with Radiation, and other Poisson Processes
Analog and Digital Image Information
-ImageQuality: Contrast, Resolution, and Noise - Primary Determinants of the Diagnostic Utility of anImage
Appendix: Statistics
-Measures of Image Quality and of Imaging SystemCapabilities: PSF, MTF, DQE, ETC.
-The Psychophysics of Optical Images
-VacuumTube and Solid-State Optical Cameras and Displays
-Digital Representation of anImage
Appendix: Computer Basics and a Bit about Bytes
-PACS, IMACS, and the Integrated Digital Department
Analog Radiographic and FluoroscopicImaging
X-Ray Imaging IV: Creation of an X-Ray Beam
-The Nuts and Bolts of X-Ray Generators
-Design of an X-Ray Tube
-Transforming Electron Kinetic Energy int Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic X-Ray Energy
X-Ray Imaging V: Capturing the X-RayImage on Film
-Creating the Primary X-Ray Image Within the Body
-Scatter Radiation,Grids, Gaps, and Contrast
-Capturing the Primary X-Ray Image with Cassette andFilm
-Resolution and Magnification
-Optimal Technique Factors
-Radiographic Quality Assurance
-Screen-Film Mammography
-Some Infrequently Used Screen-Film Techniques
X-Ray Imaging VI: Fluoroscopy-Following Time-Dependent Processes with Fluoroscopy

Digital ImagingX-Ray Imaging VII: Digital X-Ray Imaging

-Digital Radiography, Computed Radiography, and Flat-Panel X-RayTechnology
-Digital Fluoroscopy and Digital Subtraction Angiography
-ComputedTomography I: Creating a Map of CT Numbers
-Computed Tomography II: ImageReconstruction, Image Quality, and Dose
-Computed Tomography III: Spiral and Multi-Slice Scanning
Gamma Ray Imaging
-Gamma Ray Imaging II: Radiopharmaceuticals

Appendix: Radioactive Transformations
-Gamma Ray Imaging III: Image Production, Image Quality, and Dose
-Gamma Ray Imaging IV: NuclearCardiology, SPECT, and PET
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
-Magnetic ResonanceImaging II: The Classical View of NMR
-Magnetic Resonance Imaging III: RelaxationTimes (T1 and T2), Pulse Sequences, and Contrast
-Magnetic Resonance Imaging IV: ImageReconstruction and Image Quality
-Magnetic Resonance Imaging V: Fast, Flow, andFunctional Imaging
-Magnetic Resonance VI: Biological Effects and Safety
UltrasoundImaging
-Ultrasound Imaging II: Creating the Beam
-Ultrasound Imaging III: ImageProduction and Image Quality
-Ultrasound Imaging IV: Biological Effects andSafety
Experimental and Future Imaging Technologies
-Evolving and Experimental Technologies in Medical Imaging
Radiation Dose, Biological Effects, Risk, and Radiation Safety
Ionizing Radiation Dose, Biological Effects, and Risk
-RadiationDose II: Determining Organ Doses from Exposure Measurements
-Radiation Dose III: The Tissue f-Factor, Tissue-Air Ratios, etc.
-Radiation Dose IV: RadiobiologicalProcesses and Effects
-Radiation Dose V: Probabilities of Occurence of Stochastic HealthEffects
Appendix: On talking with People about Radiation (and Other)Risks
-Radiation Oncology and the Role of Imaging in Treatment Planning
Radiation Safety and Emergency Response
-Practical Radiation Safety for IonizingRadiation
-Rems, Risks, and Regs: The Legal Basis for Radiation ProtectionStandards
-Response to a Major Radiological Emergency
Solutions to the Exercises
References
Some Symbols and Units
Index