Chemistry

ABOUT THE AUTHORS vii

PREFACE xix

0 A Very Brief History of Chemistry 1

1 Scientific Measurements 25

2 Elements, Compounds, and the Periodic Table 67

3 The Mole and Stoichiometry 113

4 Molecular View of Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 161

5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 219

6 Energy and Chemical Change 259

7 The Quantum Mechanical Atom 307

8 The Basics of Chemical Bonding 361

9 Theories of Bonding and Structure 413

10 Properties of Gases 477

11 Intermolecular Attractions and the Properties of Liquids and Solids 533

12 Mixtures at the Molecular Level: Properties of Solutions 595

13 Chemical Kinetics 647

14 Chemical Equilibrium 713

15 Acids and Bases: A Molecular Look 759

16 Acid-Base Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions 791

17 Solubility and Simultaneous Equilibria 847

18 Thermodynamics 887

19 Electrochemistry 935

20 Nuclear Reactions and Their Role in Chemistry 991

21 Metal Complexes 1033

22 Organic Compounds, Polymers, and Biochemicals 1065

APPENDIX A Review of Mathematics A-1

APPENDIX B Answers to Practice Exercises and Selected Problems A-7

APPENDIX C Tables of Selected Data A-29

GLOSSARY G-1

INDEX I-1