Metallothioneins

Contributors; 1 Metallothioneins; C. F. Shaw III, M. J. Stillman, and K. T. Suzuki; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Possible Functions; 1.3 Classes of Metallothionein; 1.4 Induction, Isolation and Purification; 1.5 Structural Characterization; 1.6 Spectroscopic Characterization; 1.7 Reactivity; 1.8 Summary and Prelude to the Book; 1.9 Acknowledgments; 1.10 References; 2 Preparation of Metallothioneins; K. T. Suzuki; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Diversity of Metallothionein among Biological Species; 2.3 Diversity of Metallothionein within a Species; 2.4 Artificial Changes of Metallothionein due to Oxidation; 2.5 Detection of Metallothionein by Chromatography; 2.6 Isolation and Detection of Metallothionein by Chromatography; 2.7 HPLC--Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; 2.8 HPLC--Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry; 2.9 Preparation of Metallothionein; 2.10 References; 3 Crystal Structure of Metallothionein; A. H. Robbins and C. D. Stout; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Results; 3.3 Discussion; 3.4 Acknowledgments; 3.5 References; 4 Optical Spectroscopy of Metallothioneins; M. J. Stillman; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Origin of the Absorption Spectral Features; 4.3 Origin of the Circular Dichroism Spectral Features; 4.4 Origin of the Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectral Intensity; 4.5 Origin of the Emission Spectral Features; 4.6 Experimental Methods; 4.7 Optical Spectra of Zn--MT and Cd--MT; 4.8 Optical Spectra of Fe--MT, Co--MT, and Ni--MT; 4.9 Optical Spectra of Cu--MT; 4.10 Optical Spectra of Ag--MT; 4.11 Optical Spectra of Au--MT, Pt--MT, and Tc--MT; 4.12 Optical Spectra of Hg--MT; 4.13 Analysis of the Spectral Data; 4.14 Conclusions: Metal--Thiolate Cluster Formation; 4.15 Acknowledgments; 4.16 References; 5 Optical Properties of Metallothioneins; H. Willner, W. R. Bernhard, and J. H. R. Kagi; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Materials and Methods; 5.3 Calculations; 5.4 Results and Discussion; 5.5 Acknowledgments; 5.6 References; 6 Aurothioneins; C. F. Shaw III and M. M. Savas; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Gold Coordination Chemistry; 6.3 Medicinally Active Gold Compounds; 6.4 The Structure of Metallothionein; 6.5 Aurothioneins Generated Chemically; 6.6 Aurothioneins from AuSTm; 6.7 Aurothioneins from Auranofin (Et 3 PAuSATg) and Et 3 PAuCl; 6.8 The Kinetics of Aurothionein Formation; 6.9 Aurothioneins in Cell Culture; 6.10 Aurothioneins Formed In Vivo; 6.11 Conclusions; 6.12 References; 7 Kinetic Reactivity of Metallothionein; D. H. Petering, S. Krezoski, P. Chen, A. Pattaniak, and C. F. Shaw III; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Structural Features of Metallothionein; 7.3 Formation of Metal--Thiolate Clusters; 7.4 Metal--Exchange Reactions of Metallothionein; 7.5 Ligand Substitution Reactions of Metallothionein; 7.6 Possible Ligand Substitution Reactivity of Zinc Metallothionein in Cells; 7.7 Sulfhydryl Reactivity of Metallothionein; 7.8 Conclusion; 7.9 Acknowledgments; 7.10 References; 8 Analysis for Mercury; W. Lu and M. J. Stillman; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Experimental Methods; 8.3 Analysis for Mercury by Graphite Furnace AAS; 8.4 Analysis for Mercury by Cold Vapor AAS; 8.5 Discussion; 8.6 Acknowledgments; 8.7 References; 9 Synthetic Metallothioneins; Y. Okada, K. Tanaka, J--I. Sawada, and Y. Kikuchi; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Peptides Related to Metallothioneins and Phytochelatins; 9.3 Application of Synthetic Metallothionein--Related Peptides to Biological Studies of Metallothioneins; 9.4 Acknowledgments; 9.5 References; 10 Biosynthesis of Cadystin; M. Isobe, Y. Hayashi, K. Imai, C--W. Nakagawa, D. Uyakul, N. Mutoh, and T. Goto; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Structural Elucidation of Cadystins; 10.3 Chemical Synthesis of Cadystins; 14 Adamantane--Like Cages; P. A. W. Dean and J. J. Vittal; 14.1 Introduction; 14.2 Synthesis; 14.3 Structural Studies; 14.4 NMR Studies; 14.5 Other Studies; 14.6 Acknowledgments; 14.7 References; 14.8 Appendix A. Table 14.1 Selected Bond Distances in [( --ER) 6 (ML) 4 ]; 14.9 Appendix B. Table 14.2 Selected Bond Angles in [( --ER) 6 (ML) 4 ]; 14.10 Appendix C. Table 14.4 77 Se NMR Data for Complexes Containing ( --SePh) 6 M 4 ; 14.11 Appendix D. Table 14.6 111/113 Cd Chemical Shifts for Complexes Containing ( --ER) 6 Cd 4 ; 14.12 Appendix E. Table 14.9 199 Hg Chemical Shifts for Complexes Containing ( --ER) 6 Hg 4 ; 14.13 Appendix F. Table 14.10 125 Te Chemical Shifts and 1 J( 125 Te-- 199 Hg) for Complexes Containing ( --TePh) 6 Hg 4 ; 14.14 Appendix G. Table 14.11 Metal NMR Chemical Shifts for [( --S n Pr) 6 (MI) 4--n (M'I) n ] 2-- ; 15 Models of Cu(II) Proteins; A. W. Addison, L. L. Borer, and E. Sinn; 15.1 Copper Thioethers and Other Model Compounds; 15.2 Galactose Oxidase (GOase); 15.3 Cytochrome Oxidase; 15.4 Acknowledgments; 15.5 References; 16 Metallodrugs; J. D. Ranford, M.D. Rhodes, and P. J. Sadler; 16.1 Introduction; 16.2 Gold Antiarthritic Drugs; 16.3 Anticancer Complexes; 16.4 Metals and Hypertension; 16.5 Antacids; 16.6 Antimicrobial Agents; 16.7 Radiopharmaceuticals; 16.8 Acknowledgments; 16.9 References; Index