Nanophotonics, Nanooptics, Nanobiotechnology, and Their Applications (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Part I Nanophotonics and Nanooptics 20
1 SiO2 /n-Si Template for Copper Nanostructure Formation 21
1.1 Methods 22
1.2 Characteristic Properties of the Formation of the Ion-Track Templates on the Base of SiO2/Si 23
1.3 Characteristic Features of the Copper NSs in the Pores of SiO2/Si Templates 26
1.4 Prospects of the Use of Plasmonic Nanostructures, Synthesized in the Pores of Swift Heavy Ion-Track Templates on the Base of SiO2/Si 31
1.5 Conclusion 33
References 34
2 Synthesis, Morphology, Structure, and Luminescence Properties of Bi-Containing Phosphates: Review and Detailed Consideration on the Example of Pr3+-doped BiPO4Nanopowders 37
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Optical Properties of Phosphates 38
2.3 Synthesis and Properties of Bismuth Orthophosphate 46
2.3.1 Synthesis Methods and Morphology of BiPO4 46
2.3.2 Crystal Structure 52
2.3.3 Electronic Band Structure and Optical Properties 54
2.3.4 Luminescence Properties 59
2.4 Conclusions 64
References 64
3 Anomalous Change of Refractive Index for Au Sols Under Laser Illumination 70
3.1 The Holographic Interferometry Technique 70
3.1.1 Example 1 71
3.1.2 Example 2 74
3.1.3 Example 3 75
3.1.4 Example 4 75
3.1.5 Example 5 76
3.1.6 Example 6 77
3.2 Polymer Matrix 81
3.3 Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis 81
3.4 Experiment 82
3.5 Conclusions 86
References 87
4 Development of the Waveguide Photonic Crystal Structures Formed by Distribution of Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrix 89
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Theoretical Analysis of Resonant Properties of PC Structures 90
4.2.1 Some Features of Theory of the Plane Waves Diffraction in Sinusoidal Volume Gratings 90
4.2.2 Propagation Constants of Localized Waveguide Modes and Its Relations with Wavelength 91
4.2.3 Waveguide Resonance Conditions at Small Incidence Angle of the Plane Wave 92
4.2.4 Results of the Numerical Modeling of the Waveguide Resonance 93
4.3 Technology for the Fabrication of the Waveguide Layers with the Thickness of ?2?m Using Photosensitive Polymer Nanocomposites 94
4.3.1 Spin-Coating of Photosensitive Composites 95
4.3.2 Filling a Cell Consisting of Two Substrates with a Capillary Gap Between Them 98
4.3.3 The Pressing Method 99
4.3.4 The Surface Topologies of the Polymer Films 99
4.4 Conclusions 100
References 101
5 Optical Phenomena in Nanoscale Tin Dioxide Films Obtained by Means of Polymers 102
5.1 Introduction 102
5.2 The Sample Preparation Technology and Experimental Techniques 103
5.3 Results and Discussion 104
5.4 Conclusions 107
References 107
6 Optical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene –Carbon Nanotube Composite in the Light Spectrum Range 320 –1000 nm 109
6.1 Introduction 109
6.2 Materials and Methods 110
6.3 Results and Discussion 110
6.4 Conclusions 114
References 115
7 Based on Pneumatic Photonic Structures, High-Accuracy Measurement Procedure for the Universal Gas Constant 116
7.1 Introduction 116
7.2 Opto-pneumatic Medium as a Multiscale Pressure Indicator 119
7.3 Bandgap Structure and Map of Reflection 122
7.4 Sensible Reference Points on the Reflectivity Map 124
7.5 Pressure Calibration Curve in the Nanobar Interval 125
7.6 Pressure Calibration Curve in the Microbar Interval 126
7.7 Factors Accompanying the Procedure 127
7.8 Final Calibration of the Conventional Two-Scale Manometer 129
7.9 Implementation 131
7.10 Summary 131
References 132
8 Nanoscale Photocatalytic Layers with Titania on StainlessSteel Foil 134
8.1 Introduction 134
8.2 The Experimental Part 135
8.3 Results and Discussion 136
8.4 Conclusions 140
References 141
9 New Methacrylic Polymers with Heterocyclic Analogs of Stilbene in Side Chain – Promising Materials forOptoelectronics 143
9.1 Introduction 143
9.2 Experimental 144
9.3 Results and Discussion 145
9.4 Conclusion 153
References 154
10 The Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Electro-transport Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 156
10.1 Introduction 156
10.2 Experimental 158
10.2.1 Preparation and Characterization of CNT Specimens 158
10.2.2 Characterization Methods 159
10.3 Results and Discussion 160
10.3.1 Infrared Spectroscopy 160
10.3.2 Resistivity of CNTs 165
10.3.3 Discussion 170
10.4 Conclusion 172
References 173
11 New Method for Rapid Digital Hologram Processing 175
11.1 Introduction 175
11.2 Mathematical Description of Digital Holographic Interferometry 176
11.3 Description of the Proposed Method 177
11.4 Results and Discussion 179
11.5 Conclusion 180
References 181
12 Theory of Exciton States in Nanosystems Containing Dielectric Quantum Dots 182
12.1 Introduction 182
12.2 Energy of Ground State Exciton in Nanosystems 183
12.3 Comparison of the Theory with Experiment 199
12.4 Conclusion 201
References 202
Part II Nanobiotechnology 204
13 Magnetic Resonan212e Nanotherapy for Malignant Tumors 205
13.1 Introduction 205
13.2 Materials and Methods 207
13.2.1 Magneto-Mechano-Chemical Synthesis 207
13.2.2 Magnetic Resonance System 207
13.2.3 Fluorescence and Thermography 207
13.2.4 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy 207
13.2.5 Laboratory Animals, Tumor Transplantation, and Treatment of Lewis Lung Carcinoma 208
13.2.6 Tumor Growth Rate and Statistics 208
13.3 Results and Discussion 209
13.3.1 Magnetic Nanocomplex Imaging 209
13.3.2 Nonlinear Kinetics of Tumor Volume 209
13.3.3 Tumor Imaging 210
13.3.4 Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Tumor 211
13.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 214
References 214
14 Nanoporous Biochar for Removal of Toxic Organic Compounds from Water 216
14.1 Methods for Biochar Production 216
14.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Biochar 218
14.3 Testing of Biochar for Practical Application 219
14.4 Visualization of Particles: Porous Structure at a Nanoscale 221
14.5 IR Spectroscopy 223
14.6 Adsorption of Dyes and Pesticides 225
14.7 Capacitance of Condensers Prepared From Nanoporous Biochars 227
14.8 Conclusions 228
References 229
15 The Regularities of Sorption of Substances of Different Nature by pH-Sensitive Acrylic Hydrogels for Plant Nanofertilizer Formation 232
15.1 Introduction 232
15.2 Experimental 233
15.3 Results and Discussion 234
15.4 Conclusions 239
References 239
16 Effect of Porosity on Ion Transport Through Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites Containing Inorganic Nanoparticles (Review) 241
16.1 Introduction 241
16.2 Dry and Swollen Ion Exchange Polymers: Swelling Pressure 242
16.3 Purposeful Formation of Inorganic Particles in Ion Exchangers 245
16.4 Investigations of Porous Structure of Polymer-Based Composites 247
16.5 Evolution of Porosity of Polymer-Based Composites 249
16.6 Effect of Polymer Porosity on Ion Transport Through Composites 250
16.7 Evolution of Electrical Conductivity: Functions of Particles 254
16.8 Conclusions 255
References 256
17 Features of the Influence of UFS/Raffinose Nanocomposites on In Vitro Cultivation of Gametes of Swine 260
17.1 The Purpose of Research 261
17.2 Materials and Methods of Research 261
17.3 Results and Discussion 262
17.4 Conclusions 266
References 266
18 The Infrared and Raman Spectra of Acetaminophen –Cholesterol Complex: DFT Study 268
18.1 Introduction 268
18.2 Calculation Details 269
18.3 Results 270
References 274
19 Change in Functional State of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Incubation with SilverNanoparticles 277
19.1 Introduction 277
19.2 Materials and Methods 278
19.3 Results and Discussion 280
19.4 Conclusion 284
References 285
Part III Applications 287
20 Challenges in Studying the Incorporation of Nanomaterials to Building Materials on Microbiological Models 288
20.1 Microbiologically Induced Deterioration (MID) 288
20.2 Mitigating Deterioration with Nanomaterials 289
20.3 Release of Nanomaterials 291
20.4 Estimating Toxicity of Nanomaterials 292
20.5 Issues with Reference Microorganisms 296
20.6 Future Prospects 301
References 301
21 Computational Studies of Adsorption of Toxic Molecules and Anions on the Surface of Doped and Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes 307
21.1 Introduction 307
21.2 Fundamentals of the Structural and Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 310
21.3 Modelling of Adsorption Properties of the CNT Surface by the DFT-Based Electronic Structure Calculations: A Brief Description of Computational Approach 313
21.3.1 Construction of CNT Clusters 313
21.3.2 Calculation Method, Basis Sets, and Other Computational Parameters 317
21.4 Electronic Structure and Sensing Properties of Carbon Nanotubes with Adsorbed Hydrogen Halide Molecules HX (X == F, Cl, Br) 318
21.5 Electronic Structure of Carbon Nanotubes with Adsorbed Molecular Anions of Hexavalent Metals and Perspectives for Removal of Toxic M(VI) Metals by Carbon Nanomaterials 322
21.5.1 Adsorption of M(VI)O42? (M(VI) == Cr, Mo, W) Anions on Undoped and B(N)-Doped CNTs 324
21.5.2 Adsorption of CrO42? Anions on Functionalized CNTs 329
21.5.3 Adsorption of HCrO4? and Cr2O72? Anions on Pristine, B(N)-Doped, and Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures 333
21.6 Conclusions 336
References 337
22 Single-Molecule Conductance Theory Using Different Orbitals for Different Spins: Applications to ?-Electrons in Graphene Molecules 343
Abbreviations 343
22.1 Introduction 343
22.2 Simple One-Electron Schemes 344
22.3 QCTB Model for Effective Green's Functions 346
22.4 Use of the Half-Projected Hartree-Fock ?-Model 347
22.5 Applications to Graphene Molecules 349
22.5.1 Small Graphene Molecules 349
22.5.2 Graphene Quantum Dot C130 351
22.6 Conclusion 353
Appendices 354
Appendix A: Construction of HPHF Green's Function 354
Appendix B: Approximate Versus “Exact” ?-Electron Results for Small Aromatics 356
References 358
23 Nanostructure Complexes in Water from the Position of SPE-Effect and from the Theory of Water, Created by J. Preparata 361
23.1 Introduction 361
23.2 Water — Quantum System 362
23.3 SPE-Effect from the Position of Theory of Water Created by J. Preparata 364
23.4 Results and Conclusions 375
References 376
24 Nanocomposite Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles as Materials for Wound Dressings 377
24.1 Introduction 377
24.2 Experimental 378
24.2.1 Materials 378
24.2.2 Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles Loaded with Hydrogels 379
24.2.3 Swelling Studies 380
24.2.4 Characterization of Hydrogel Composites 381
24.3 Results and Discussion 381
24.3.1 In Situ Formation of Silver Nanoparticles in the Hydrogel 381
24.3.2 Swelling Studies 382
24.3.3 Characterization of Hydrogels 384
24.3.3.1 FTIR Studies 384
24.3.3.2 UV–Vis Spectroscopy 385
24.3.3.3 SEM Studies 386
24.4 Conclusion 386
References 388
25 Green Synthesis of Magnetic Spinel Nanoparticles 390
25.1 Introduction 390
25.2 Green Synthesis 391
25.2.1 Green Synthesis of Magnetic Spinel NPs 392
25.2.2 Green Synthesis of CoFe2O4 NPs 394
25.2.3 Green Synthesis of NiFe2O4 and CuFe2O4 NPs 394
25.2.4 Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Spinel NPs 396
25.3 Conclusions 396
References 397
26 Properties of Ultrathin Lipid Layers Surrounding Boron Nitride Nanotube: Computer Simulation Study 400
26.1 Introduction 400
26.2 Materials and Methods 401
26.3 Results 401
26.4 Conclusions 407
References 408
27 Properties of n-Cyanobiphenyl Nematogene Phases Formed Between Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Computer Simulation Study 410
27.1 Introduction 410
27.2 Simulation Details 411
27.3 Results and Discussion 411
27.4 Conclusions 416
References 416
28 Tryptophan-Stabilized Plasmonic Fe3O4/Ag Nanoparticles 417
28.1 Introduction 417
28.2 Experimental Details 418
28.2.1 Materials 418
28.2.2 Preparation of NPs 419
28.2.3 Characterization of NPs 420
28.3 Results and Discussion 421
28.4 Conclusions 428
References 428
29 Influence of Mg Content on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Green-Synthesized Li0.5 –0.5xMgxFe2.5 –0.5xO4 (0.0 =? x =? 0.8) Nanoferrites 431
29.1 Introduction 431
29.2 Experimental Details and Data Analysis 433
29.3 Results and Discussions 434
29.4 Conclusions 440
References 440
30 Current State of Fuel Cell Research 443
30.1 Current State of the Problem 443
30.2 The Classification and Principles of Working of Fuel Cells 444
30.2.1 Generators of Hydrogen Based on Sodium Borohydride 448
30.3 Hydrogen Peroxide as the Oxidizer for FC 449
30.3.1 Electrical Catalytic Activity of Cobalt-Containing Catalysts 450
30.3.2 Usage of Cobalt as Electrical Catalyst of FC 451
30.3.3 Investigation of Co as Anode for Li-Ion Batteries 453
References 454
31 Synthesis and Study of Methacrylic Monomers and Polymers on the Basis of Aurones 457
31.1 Introduction 457
31.2 Experimental 458
31.2.1 Polymerization 462
31.3 Results and Discussion 462
31.4 Conclusions 466
References 466
Index 468