Ionic Polymer Metal Composites for Sensors and Actuators (eBook)

Dr. Inamuddin is an Assistant Professor in the Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He is a permanent faculty member (Assistant Professor) at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. His fields of specialty are Analytical Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, and Electrochemistry. His research interests are in Renewable Energy and Environment, ion exchange materials, sensors for heavy metal ions, biofuel cells, supercapacitors and bending actuators. Prof. Abdullah M. Asiri is the Head of the Chemistry Department at King Abdulaziz University since October 2009 and he is the founder and the Director of the Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) since 2010 till date. He is a Professor for Organic Photochemistry and his research interest covers color chemistry, synthesis of novel photochromic and thermochromic systems, synthesis of novel coloring matters and dyeing of textiles, materials chemistry, nanochemistry and nanotechnology, polymers and plastics.

Contents 6
Metal-Organic Framework Composites IPMC Sensors and Actuators 8
1 Introduction 8
2 Design and Synthesis 9
3 Properties and Applications 10
3.1 Nano/Molecular Machines Based Actuators 10
3.2 pH Sensors/Actuators 12
3.3 VOC Sensors 16
3.4 Humidity Sensors 19
3.5 Energy Conversion Device 20
4 Conclusions and Future Outlook 21
References 21
Polysaccharide-Based Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators 26
1 Introduction 26
2 Cellulose-Based Actuators 28
2.1 Cellulose-Graphene Composite Actuators 28
2.2 Cellulose-Polyethylene Glycol Composite Actuator 29
2.3 Cellulose-Glycerol Composite Actuators 29
2.4 Cross-Linked Cellulose Based Actuator 30
2.5 Cellulose Electroactive-Paper Actuator 30
3 Chitosan-Based Actuators 32
3.1 Chitosan-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Actuator 32
3.2 Chitosan-Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites Actuator 33
3.3 Cross-Linked Chitosan-Based Actuator 34
4 Conclusions 35
References 38
Conducting Polymer Based Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators 42
1 Introduction 42
2 Fabrication and Operating Principles 43
3 Electronic Conducting Polymer (Conjugated Polymer) 45
3.1 Polyaniline (PANI) 46
3.2 Polypyrrole (PPy) 49
3.3 Polythiophene (PT) 53
3.4 PEDOT:PSS 55
4 Conclusion 56
References 57
Role of Metal Ion Implantation on Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Membranes 60
1 Introduction 61
2 Understanding State of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Structure 63
2.1 Manufacturing Technique 63
2.2 Metallic Ion Implantation 66
3 Modeling and Control of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuation 68
3.1 Layered Structure of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite 68
3.2 Actuation Mechanism of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites 70
3.3 Actuators Based on Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Membranes 71
4 Actuation Performance of Actuators Based on Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Membranes in Different Applications 73
5 Conclusions 76
References 76
Study on Time-Dependent Bending Response of IPMC Actuator 81
1 Introduction 82
2 Overview of IPMC 84
2.1 Structure of IPMC 85
2.2 Application of IPMC 86
3 Fundamental Theory 88
3.1 Bending Characteristics of IPMC 88
3.2 IPMC Actuation 90
3.3 IPMC-Fluid Interaction 94
4 Modeling of IPMC Actuator 95
4.1 Electrostatic AC/DC 96
4.2 Transport of Diluted Species 98
4.3 Fluid-Structure Interaction 98
4.4 Weak Form 99
4.5 Particle Tracing 101
4.6 Meshing 102
4.7 Moving Mesh 104
4.8 Solver 104
4.9 Boundary Conditions 106
5 Analysis of Time-Dependent Bending Response of IPMC Actuator 108
5.1 Kinetic Energy of IPMC Actuator 108
5.2 Potential Energy of IPMC Actuator 109
5.3 Governing Equation of IPMC Actuator 109
5.4 Analytic Results of Time-Dependent Bending Response of IPMC Actuator 110
6 Analysis of IPMC Actuator for Micropump Applications 112
6.1 Three-Dimensional IPMC Actuator 112
6.2 IPMC Micropump 115
6.3 Double IPMC Micropump 118
6.4 Mesh Convergence 126
6.5 IPMC Cilia Micropump 128
7 Summary 141
References 141
Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Membranes Methods of Preparation 145
1 Introduction 145
2 Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Membranes Methods of Preparation 146
3 Conclusions 152
References 153
Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators Operable in Dry Conditions 155
1 Introduction 155
2 Actuation Principle of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite 156
3 Bucky Gel Actuator 159
4 Selection of Electrolyte 159
5 Effect of Humidity and Temperature 159
6 Conclusions 162
References 163
Pressure Sensors Based on IPMC Actuator 166
1 Introduction 166
2 Pressure Sensors 169
2.1 Types of Pressure Sensors 169
2.2 Fabrication of Sensors 171
3 Ionic Polymers and Metal Composites Thereof 173
3.1 Structure and Properties of IPMC 177
4 IPMC Based Pressure Sensors 179
4.1 Mechanisms of IPMC Sensing 182
5 Summary 182
References 183
Robotic Assemblies Based on IPMC Actuators 188
1 Introduction 188
2 Motivation 188
3 Research Scope 189
4 Classification on Robotic Assemblies 189
5 IPMC Actuator 190
6 Different Functionality of IPMC 191
6.1 Self-sensing Actuation 192
7 Types of Self-sensing Techniques 193
8 In Medical Assistance 195
9 SCARA Robot 196
10 Exoskeleton Assistance 197
11 Conclusion 198
References 199
Design and Fabrication of Deformable Soft Gripper Using IPMC as Actuator 200
1 Introduction 200
2 Fabrication Process of PDMS/Silicon Rubber Finger 201
2.1 Comparative Study of Cases I [4], II [5], III [6] and IV 203
2.2 Experimental Study of the Finger with Electrical Actuation 205
3 Simulation Study of Tip Force Balance for Gripping 205
4 Design of Three Finger IPMC Actuated Gripper 209
4.1 Mechanical Design of the Gripper 209
4.2 Observation of Gripping Operation 210
5 Conclusion 212
References 212