Chemical Process Design and Integration (eBook)

Professor Robin Smith is Head of the Centre for Process Integration at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in the United Kingdom. Before joining UMIST he had extensive industrial experience with Rohm & Haas in process investigation and process design, and with ICI in computer-aided design and process integration. He was a member of the ICI Process Integration Team that pioneered the first industrial applications of process integration design methods. Since joining UMIST he has acted extensively as a consultant in process integration projects. He has published widely in the field of chemical process design and integration, and is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK and a chartered engineer. In 1992 he was awarded the Hanson Medal of the Institution of Chemical Engineers in the UK for his work on clean process technology.

Preface xiii

Acknowledgements xv

Nomenclature xvii

1 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration 1

2 Process Economics 19

3 Optimization 37

4 Chemical Reactors I - Reactor Performance 59

5 Chemical Reactors II - Reactor Conditions 81

6 Chemical Reactors III - Reactor Configuration 107

7 Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures 125

8 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures I - Distillation 139

9 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures II - Other Methods 185

10 Distillation Sequencing 221

11 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation 247

12 Heat Exchange 275

13 Pumping and Compression 349

14 Continuous Process Recycle Structure 377

15 Continuous Process Simulation and Optimization 393

16 Batch Processes 417

17 Heat Exchanger Networks I - Network Targets 457

18 Heat Exchanger Networks II - Network Design 501

19 Heat Exchanger Networks III - Stream Data 543

20 Heat Integration of Reactors 555

21 Heat Integration of Distillation 563

22 Heat Integration of Evaporators and Dryers 577

23 Steam Systems and Cogeneration 583

24 Cooling and Refrigeration Systems 647

25 Environmental Design for Atmospheric Emissions 687

26 Water System Design 721

27 Environmental Sustainability in Chemical Production 781

28 Process Safety 811

Appendix A Physical Properties in Process Design 827

Appendix B Materials of Construction 853

Appendix C Annualization of Capital Cost 861

Appendix D The Maximum Thermal Effectiveness for 1-2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 863

Appendix E Expression for the Minimum Number of 1-2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers for a Given
Unit 865

Appendix F Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 867

Appendix G Gas Compression Theory 875

Appendix H Algorithm for the Heat Exchanger Network Area Target 881

Index 883