Weak Interaction of Elementary Particles (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Weak Interaction of Elementary Particles 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
FOREWORD 10
FOREWORD TO THE ENGLISH EDITION 11
CHAPTER 1. PARTICLES. INTERACTIONS. MODELS 12
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES 12
TYPES OF INTERACTIONS 12
ARE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES ACTUALLY ELEMENTARY? 15
COMPOSITE MODELS 16
ISOTOPIC MULTIPLETS 16
SCHEME OF ISOMULTIPLETS IN THE SAKATA MODEL 18
QUASIPARTICLES IN THE SAKATA MODEL 19
UNIVERSAL, UNITARY-SYMMETRIC STRONG INTERACTION 21
ISOTOPIC INVARIANCE IN THE SAKATA MODEL 22
CONSERVATION OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES 23
UNIVERSAL WEAK INTERACTION 24
TABLE OF WEAK INTERACTIONS 26
NEUTRAL CURRENTS? 28
TWO NEUTRINOS 29
MINIMAL MODEL 31
CHAPTER 2. SPINORS. AMPLITUDES. CURRENTS 33
SCALARS AND VECTORS 33
WAVE FUNCTION 34
SPINORS 34
DIRAC EQUATION 35
.-MATRICES 37
SOME RELATIONS 38
CALCULATION OF TRACES 38
OPERATIONS 40
CONJUGATED SPINOR 40
FIVE BILINEAR COVARIANTS 41
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION 41
STRONG INTERACTION 42
WEAK INTERACTION 43
LAGRANGIAN AND AMPLITUDE 45
PROBABILITY AND CROSS SECTION 48
CHAPTER 3. C-, P-, T- TRANS FOR MATIONS 51
CHARGE CONJUGATION 51
SPACE INVERSION 53
COMBINED INVERSION 55
TIME REVERSAL AND THE CPT-THEOREM 56
INTRINSIC PARITY OF THE FERMION 58
CHARGE CONJUGATION FOR FERMIONS 60
CHARGE CONJUGATION AND V-A-INTERACTION 61
PARITY OF THE ANTIFERMION 61
INTRINSIC PARITY OF THE BOSON 62
CHARGE PARITY OF THE BOSON 62
CHAPTER 4. WEAK INTERACTION BETWEEN LEPTONS 64
MUON DECAY 64
EXPRESSION FOR THE PROBABILITY 66
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE OF THE DECAY PROBABILITY 66
INTEGRATION OVER THE PHASE SPACE 67
EXPRESSION FOR /M/2 69
PROJECTION OPERATORS .s AND . 70
REDUCTION TO TRACES 71
CALCULATION OF TRACES 71
INTEGRATION WITH RESPECT TO NEUTRINO MOMENTA 72
SPECTRUM OF DECAY ELECTRONS 74
ASYMMETRY AND POLARIZATION OF ELECTRONS 74
NEUTRINO–ELECTRON SCATTERING 76
MUON-PAIR PRODUCTION IN THE NEUTRINO BEAM 78
CHAPTER 5. LEPTONIC DECAYS OF STRONGLY INTERACTING PARTICLES. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE AMPLITUDES 79
PROBLEM OF STRONG INTERACTIONS 79
GENERAL FORM OF THE AMPLITUDE 80
THREE TYPES OF MATRIX ELEMENTS 81
DECAYS OF THE FIRST TYPE 82
DECAYS OF THE SECOND TYPE 83
DECAYS OF THE THIRD TYPE 84
REALITY OF THE FUNCTIONS f / AND g 85
CHAPTER 6. STRANGENESS CONSERVING LEPTONIC DECAYS. ANALOGY WITH ELECTRODYNAMICS 89
CONSERVATION OF THE VECTOR CURRENT 89
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE PROTON 90
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE NEUTRON 93
ISOTOPIC SPIN 94
ISOTOPIC FORM FACTORS 95
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEAK 
96 
MATRIX ELEMENT OF THE n.p TRANSITION 96
VECTOR COUPLING CONSTANT 97
"EFFECTIVE SCALAR" 99
INTERACTION OF THE n+-MESON WITH THE PHOTON 99
ANALOGY WITH ELECTRODYNAMICS — A CONSEQUENCE OF THE MINIMAL MODEL 102
CHAPTER 7. STRANGENESS CONSERVING LEPTONIC DECAYS. ISOTOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE NUCLEONIC CURRENT 104
NUCLEONIC CURRENT — ISOVECTOR 104
ISOTOPIC ROTATION AND CHARGE CONJUGATION 104
T2-ROTATION AND NUCLEONS 104
G-TRANSFORMATION 106
LEE–YANG THEOREM 106
G-PARITY OF THE NUCLEON? 
107 
G-PARITY OF THE NUCLEON–ANTINUCLEON SYSTEM 107
G-PARITY AND ANNIHILATION 108
OTHER DECAYS 111
CHAPTER 8. STRANGENESS CONSERVING LEPTONIC DECAYS. CALCULATIONS OF CONCRETE PROCESSES 112
POLARIZATION OF MUONS IN THE pµ2-DECAY 116
NEUTRON ß-DECAY 117
POLARIZATION OF ELECTRONS 120
DECAY OF THE POLARIZED NEUTRON 121
µ-CAPTURE BY THE PROTON 122
DECAYS OF STRANGE PARTICLES 123
CHAPTER 9. STRANGENESS CHANGING LEPTONIC DECAYS.GENERAL PROPERTIES 125
HYPERON DECAYS 126
VECTOR CURRENT Ap IS NOT CONSERVED 132
HYPERON-DECAY PROBABILITIES 134
UNITARY SYMMETRY AND WEAK INTERACTION 136
CHAPTER 10. STRANGENESS CHANGING LEPTONIC DECAYS. K-DECAYS 137
PION SPECTRUM 141
TOTAL Ke3-DECAY PROBABILITY 142
ELECTRON SPECTRUM 143
NEUTRINO SPECTRUM 145
CHAPTER 11. STRANGENESS CHANGING LEPTONIC DECAYS. Ke3- AND Kµ3-DECAYS (continued) 146
ELECTRON POLARIZATION 146
ELECTRON SPECTRUM AT GIVEN PION ENERGY 147
DALITZ PLOT FOR Ke3-DECAY 149
"SLIDING RAY" DIAGRAM 152
CHAPTER 12. NON-LEPTONIC DECAYS OF STRANGE PARTICLES. QUALITATIVE CONSIDERATION. .- AND t-DECAYS 156
INTERACTION OF THE np AND Ap CURRENTS 156
.-HYPERON DECAY 157
S- AND =-HYPERON DECAYS 158
DALITZ PLOT 164
CHAPTER 13. NON-LEPTONIC DECAYS OF HYPERONS 170
AMPLITUDES OF HYPERON DECAYS 170
SWITCH OFF THE SCATTERING 172
SWITCH ON THE SCATTERING. S-MATRIX 173
UNITARITY AND SYMMETRY 174
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE DECAYAND SCATTERING 175
WHAT IS THE VALUE OF SCATTERING PHASES? 176
NON-RELATIVISTIC AMPLITUDE 177
NON-RELATIVISTIC POLARIZATION OPERATOR 178
CORRELATIONS IN THE p-WAVE 179
CORRELATIONS IN THE p-WAVE 179
sp-INTERFERENCE 180
DECAY ASYMMETRY 180
NUCLEON POLARIZATION 181
CHAPTER 14. ISOTOPIC SELECTION RULES IN NON-LEPTONIC DECAYS 183
SELECTION ACCORDING TO STRANGENESS 183
K°++K° FORBIDDENNESS 184
HYPERON DECAYS 186
.-HYPERON DECAYS 187
S-HYPERON DECAYS 188
LIFETIME OF THE K§-MESON 195
CHAPTER 15. DUAL PROPERTIES OF NEUTRAL K-MESONS 197
ANALOGY WITH ANGULAR MOMENTUM 197
MUONIUM 199
PAIS–PICCIONI GEDANKEN EXPERIMENT 200
OSCILLATIONS OF LEPTONIC DECAYS 205
CHAPTER 16. DUAL PROPERTIES OF NEUTRAL K-MESONS (continued) 206
THREE TYPES OF REGENERATION 206
PICCIONI'S EXPERIMENT 207
WHICH IS HEAVIER, K1 OR K2? 209
CHAPTER 17. PARITY NON-CONSERVATION IN NUCLEAR FORCES 212
CONTRIBUTION OF WEAK INTERACTION 212
CAN PARITY NON-CONSERVATION IN STRONG INTERACTIONS BE LARGE? 213
CHAPTER 18. WEAK INTERACTION AT SMALL DISTANCES 214
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 214
A LOCAL FOUR-FERMION INTERACTION 215
A NON-LOCAL FOUR-FERMION INTERACTION 216
INTERMEDIATE BOSONS 217
EQUALITY OF THE VECTOR CONSTANTS OF ß-DECAY AND µ-DECAY 221
CHAPTER 19. WHAT IS TO BE MEASURED, AND WHY? 226
A. TEST OF THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE THEORY 226
B. TEST OF THE ISOTOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE THEORY 227
C. ACCUMULATION OF DATA WHICH CANNOT AS YET BE ACCOUNTED FOR BY THEORY.VARIOUS PROBLEMS 228
CHAPTER 20. WEAK INTERACTION AND UNITARY SYMMETRY 229
TEST OF THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE THEORY 230
TEST OF THE ISOTOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE THEORY 231
FROM THE ISOTOPIC PROPERTIES TO THE UNITARY ONES 234
SUPERMULTIPLETS 235
TRIALITY 238
SUPERCHARGE 239
ADDITIVITY OF Z AND MULTIPLICATION OFUNITARY REPRESENTATIONS 242
TABLES OF SUPERMULTIPLETS 244
SUPERMULTIPLETS IN THE SAKATA MODEL 244
THE EIGHTFOLD WAY 248
QUARKS 249
FOUR-BAR YON MODEL AND SUPERCHARGED PARTICLES 250
OTHER MODELS 253
MODELS AND MATHEMATICAL FORMALISM 253
MODERATELY STRONG INTERACTION 255
MASS FORMULA FOR DECUPLET 255
MASS FORMULA FOR OCTET 256
MASS FORMULA FOR ANY SUPERMULTIPLET 258
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES 259
MODIFIED UNIVERSALITY OF THE WEAK INTERACTION 260
MATRIX OF EIGHT CURRENTS 262
LEPTONIC DECAYS OF MESONS 265
LEPTONIC DECAYS OF BARYONS 267
HADRONIC DECAYS 270
HADRONIC DECAYS OF HYPERONS 275
PARITY NON-CONSERVING NUCLEAR FORCES 277
OTHER GROUPS OF RANK TWO 278
GROUPS OF A HIGHER RANK 279
SPACE-UNITARY SYMMETRIES 280
CHAPTER 21. BIBLIOGRAPHYf 281
PARTICLES. MODELS. INTERACTIONS 281
WEAK INTERACTION LAGRANGIAN 283
INTERACTIONS OF LEPTONS 285
STRANGENESS CONSERVING LEPTONIC DECAYS 286
STRANGENESS CHANGING LEPTONIC DECAYS 288
NON - LEPTONIC DECAYS 290
PARITY NON-CONSERVATION IN NUCLEAR FORCES 293
WEAK INTERACTIONS AT SMALL DISTANCES 293
WEAK INTERACTION AND UNITARY SYMMETRY 295
INDEX 300
MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN 305