Symmetries in Elementary Particle Physics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Symmetries in Elementary Particle Physics 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
FOREWORD 6
PART I: OPENING CEREMONY 14
Chapter 1. "La fisica ed il progresso del pensiero scientifico attraverso i secoli" 15
PART II: LECTURES 24
CHAPTER 2. SYMMETRY PRINCIPLES IN PARTICLE PHYSICS 24
I. INVARIANCE IN QUANTUM THEORY 24
II. DISCRETE SYMMETRY OPERATIONS 40
III. THE YANG-MILLS FIELD 54
BIBLIOGRAPHY 61
CHAPTER 3. ELEMENTS OF SU3 62
I. INTRODUCTION AND BASIC IDEAS 62
II. PROPERTIES OF SU3 REPRESENTATIONS 74
III. DEGENERACY AND TENSORIAL METHODS 83
IV. THE MATRICES FOR BARYONS AND MESONS AND YUKAWA COUPLINGS 92
V. THE MASS FORMULA: MEDIUM STRONG SPLITTINGS 98
VI. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC MASS SPLITTINGS 107
VII. DECIMET DECAY WIDTHS AND SUMMARY 115
REFERENCES 123
CHAPTER 4. CONSEQUENCES OF SU3 SYMMETRY IN WEAK INTERACTIONS 124
Introduction 124
Strangeness changing weak decays 133
Introduction to SU3 151
Couplings of the baryons and mesons 163
Generalization of the Goldberger-Treiman Relation 171
Attempts to deduce the .I = 1/2 rule 178
Weak decay data summary 183
CHAPTER 5. VECTOR AND AXIAL CURRENTS UNDER FIRST ORDER SYMMETRY BREAKING 188
I. THE CURRENT OCTETS 189
II. FIRST CLASS AND SECOND CLASS AMPLITUDES 189
III. CHARGE CONJUGATION ON AN OCTET 190
IV. FIRST ORDER SYMMETRY BREAKING 190
V. RESTRICTIONS FOLLOWING FROM CHARGE CONJUGATION 192
VI. FIRST CLASS COVARIANTS 194
VII. SECOND CLASS COVARIANTS 195
VIII. FIRST CLASS AMPLITUDES FOR LEPTONIC DECAYS 195
IX. SECOND CLASS AMPLITUDES FOR LEPTONIC DECAYS 196
X. ELECTROMAGNETIC AMPLITUDES 197
XI. A NON-RENORMALIZATION THEOREM FOR THE VECTOR CURRENT OCTET 198
XII. BOSONS 201
XIII. CURRENTS WITH INDEFINITE CHARGE CONJUGATION 203
REFERENCES 204
CHAPTER 6. FRACTIONALLY CHARGED PARTICLES AND SU6 205
I. THE SAKATA MODEL AND ITS MODIFICATION 205
II. THE ACE MODEL 210
III. A SYMMETRY HIGHER THAN SU3 232
REFERENCES 247
CHAPTER 7. SU4 248
I. REPRESENTATIONS OF SU4 249
II. MASS FORMULAE 251
III. WEAK INTERACTIONS 253
REFERENCES 256
CHAPTER 8. SOME PROPERTIES OF THE SUn REPRESENTATION 257
Summary 257
SUGGESTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 268
CHAPTER 9. POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF THE Ko2 . p + + p– DECAY(CP VIOLATION AND OTHER INTERPRETATIONS) 269
I. PHENOMENOLOGY OF K DECAYS (an outline) 269
II. THE K°-K° SYSTEM 278
III. ARE Ko's AN ISOLATED SYSTEM? 286
IV. CP VIOLATION IN K2° DECAYS 292
V. CP VIOLATION IN WEAK INTERACTIONS, LEPTONIC DECAYS 299
REFERENCES 305
CHAPTER 10. METHODS FOR ASSIGNING SPIN AND PARITY TO BARYON RESONANCES 306
I. DETERMINATION OF THE SPIN AND PARITY OF BARYON RESONANCES. METHOD OF BYERS AND FENSTER 306
II. DECAY FROM A STATISTICAL MIXTURE OF SPIN STATES DENSITY MATRICES FOR Y* AND Y
III. INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION 314
IV. ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE POLARIZATION OF Y 316
V. LORENTZ FRAMES IN WHICH TO MEASURE THE DECAY OF Y* AND Y 318
VI. RESTRICTIONS ON THE tLM 320
VII. SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE FOR SPIN PARITY DETERMINATION 322
VIII. BACKGROUND INTERFERENCE 322
REFERENCES 323
CHAPTER 11. GENERAL REVIEW OF NEUTRINO PHYSICS 324
Apparatus 330
Separation of events into elastic and inelastic 332
Recognition of elastic events 334
The inelastic events 340
REFERENCES 353
CHAPTER 12. FUTURE EXPERIMENTS IN NEUTRINO PHYSICS 354
CHAPTER 13. MEASUREMENT OF THE ANGULAR CORRELATION OF ELECTRONS RELATIVE TO . SPIN IN .°-ß DECAY 373
CHAPTER 14. MOMENTUM SPECTRUM OF POSITRONS FROM MUON DECAY 380
References 382
DISCUSSION I 383
DISCUSSION II 390
DISCUSSION III 394
DISCUSSION IV 399
DISCUSSION V 404
DISCUSSION VI 409
CHAPTER 15. PRESENT STATUS OF STRONG ELECTROMAGNETIC AND WEAK INTERACTIONS 413
I. BASIC PHYSICS 413
II. CONSERVATION LAWS 415
III. EXISTENTIAL QUESTIONS 419
IV. THE QUESTION OF DYNAMICS 424
V. ADVICE FOR THE FUTURE 428
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 432