Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contetns 10
Editor's Preface to the English Edition 6
Preface 8
Basic Notation 14
CHAPTER I. Introduction 16
1.1. Elementary Magnetic Resonance 16
1.2. Paramagnetic Resonance 17
1.3. Magnitude of the Effect 25
1.4. Paramagnetic Resonance as a Part of the General Study of Magnetism 28
1.5. Paramagnetic Resonance and Spectroscopy 31
1.6. History of the Discovery of Paramagnetic Resonance 32
Literature for Chapter I 33
CHAPTER II. 
35 
2.1. Microwave Spectroscopy 35
2.2. Methods of Measurement in the Radio-Frequency Region 48
Literature for Chapter II 50
CHAPTER III. Theory of Spectra of Ionic Crystals 52
3.1. Introduction 52
3.2. Matrix Elements of a Crystalline Field 54
3.3. Compounds of the Iron-Group Elements 59
3.4. Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of an Ion of Nickel in an Axial Crystalline Field 66
3.5. Hyperfine Structure of Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra 69
3.6. Crystalline Field Parameters. Jahn-Teller Effect 71
3.7. Salts of Rare Earth Elements 75
3.8. S-State Ions 82
3.9. Covalent Bonding and the 3d, 4d, and 5d Transition Groups 84
3.10. Actinides 91
3.11. Effect of Exchange and Dipolar Interactions on the Appearance of the Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum 93
3.12. Forbidden Spectral Lines. Multiple Quantum Transitions 94
Literature for Chapter III 98
CHAPTER IV. Spectra of Ionic Crystals. Experimental Data 102
4.1. Introduction. Crystallography Data 102
Literature for Section 4.1 106
4.2. Constants of the Spin Hamiltonian for Solid Paramagnetic Substances 107
Literoture for Section 4.2 165
4.3. Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra in Electrolyte Solutions 179
Literoture for Section 4.3 182
4.4. Application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance to the Determination of Spins of Atomic Nuclei 183
Literature for Section 4.4 183
Literature on Crystallography 184
Chapter V. Shape of a Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption Line in Ionic Crystals and Acoustic Paramagnetic Resonance 186
5.1. Introduction 186
5.2. Spin-Spin Interactions 188
5.3. Spin-Lattice Interaction 204
5.4. Longitudinal Relaxation at Low Temperatures 215
5.5. Experimental Data on Ionic Crystals 219
5.6. Solutions of Paramagnetic Salts. Theory 236
5.7. Solutions of Paramagnetic Salts. Experimental Results 244
5.8. Line Shape under Saturation Conditions 247
5.9. Cross Relaxation 250
5.10. Acoustic Paramagnetic Resonance 256
Literature for Chapter V 260
CHAPTER VI. Metals and Semiconductors. Defects in Crystals 264
6.1. Effect on Conduction Electrons 264
6.2. Influence of the Skin Effect and Diffusion of Electrons on the Shape of the Resonance Line 269
6.3. Transition Metals 275
6.4. Impurity Semiconductors 278
6.5. Color Centers in Ionic Crystals 284
6.6. Irradiated Crystals with Covalent Bonding 294
6.7. Metal-Ammonia Solutions. Paramagnetic Resonance from Polarons and Excitons 296
Literature for Chapter VI 299
CHAPTER VII. 
304 
7.1. Introduction. Hyperfine Structure of a Paramagnetic Resonance Line in Solutions of Free Radicals 304
7.2. Free Radicals in Pure Form 309
7.3. Free Radicals in Solutions 313
7.4. Irradiated Organic Substances. Radicals in Polymers and Carbons. Biradicals and Triplet States. Biological Materials 318
7.5. Inorganic Free Radicals. Paramagnetic Gases 326
Literature for Chapter VII 329
CHAPTER VIII. Double Resonance. Some Applications of Paramagnetic Resonance 335
8.1. Introduction 335
8.2. Dynamic Methods of Polarization of Nuclei 335
8.3. Maser Amplifiers and Oscillators 346
8.4. Two-Level Maser Amplifiers 352
8.5. Three-Level Maser Amplifiers 357
8.6. Optical Methods of Studying Paramagnetic Resonance 368
Literature for Chapter VIII 375
Books and Review Articles on Paramagnetic Resonance 380
Subject Index 382