Essentials of Modern Physics Applied to the Study of the Infrared (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Essentials of Modern Physics Applied to the Study of the Infrared 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
FOREWORD 12
PREFACE 16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17
INTRODUCTION. THE RISE AND INCREASING COMPLEXITY OF INFRARED RESEARCH 18
I. The Discovery of the Infrared 18
II. The Fundamental Research 19
III. Rapid Progress after the War 20
IV. The Immediate Future 22
CHAPTER 1. ELEMENTS OF INSTRUMENTAL OPTICS IN THE INFRARED 26
I. Energy Quantities Relative to Radiations 26
II. Radiation Dispersion 33
III. The Problem of Eliminating Stray Light 81
IV. Multiplex Spectrometry 124
V. Conclusion 142
Bibliography 145
CHAPTER 2. SOURCES OF INFRARED 151
I. Introduction 151
II. Thermal Emission 151
III. Mechanism of the Emission: Atomic or Molecular, Spontaneous or Stimulated 187
IV. Emission of Waves by Electric Circuits 223
V. Conclusion 249
Bibliography 250
CHAPTER 3. INFRARED DETECTORS 264
I. Introduction 264
II. Thermal Detectors 268
III. Quantum Detectors 358
IV. Crystal Detectors 381
V. Amplifiers, Noise Spectrum 382
VI. Conclusion 385
Bibliography 386
CHAPTER 4. PROPAGATION OF INFRARED IN EMPTY SPACE AND IN MATTER—MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS, LORENTZ'S THEORY 394
I. Introduction 394
II. The Equation of Propagation of an Electromagnetic Wave, the Search for a Plane Solution 395
III. Applications 404
IV. Calculation of the Dielectric Constant from the Atomic Structure, Dispersion of the Index of Refraction and the Absorption Coefficient, Lorentz's Theory 412
V. Conclusion 508
Bibliography 510
CHAPTER 5. WAVES OF THERMAL AGITATION IN A SOLID, INTERACTIONS WITH THE INFRARED 519
I. Introduction 519
II. Einstein's Theory and Debye's Theory on the Vibrations of a Solid 520
III. Exact Solution for the Problem of the Natural Vibrations of a Solid 536
IV. Interactions between Electromagnetic Waves and Thermal Waves of Agitation in a Perfect Crystal 556
V. Crystal Defects, Localized Vibrations and One-phonon Transitions 575
VI. Monograph of the Principal Crystals Concerning their Transmission and Reflection in the Infrared 597
VII. Conclusion 643
Bibliography 645
CHAPTER 6. A NEW FIELD OF RESEARCH—THE FAR INFRARED 653
I. Introduction 653
II. Instrumentation in the Far Infrared 654
III. Internal Molecular Vibrations of Low Frequency 677
IV. Pure Rotations 681
V. External Vibrations of Molecules 692
VI. Electronic Transitions in the Far Infrared 698
VII. Superconductivity in the Far Infrared 718
VIII. Free Carriers Absorption 722
IX. Ferroelectricity 724
X. Other Types of Transitions in the Far Infrared 726
XI. Conclusion 726
Bibliography 728
APPENDIX 736
INDEX 738