Structure Analysis by Electron Diffraction (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Structure Analysis by Electron Diffraction 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
TRANSLATOR'S FOREWORD 8
PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION 9
PREFACE 10
CHAPTER I. DIFFRACTION METHODS IN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 12
1. Electron, X-ray and Neutron Diffraction 13
2. Uses of Electron Diffraction. Structure Analysis by Electron Diffraction 16
3. Fundamental Concepts of the Theory of Scattering and of the Structure Analysis of Crystals 19
References 36
CHAPTER II. THE GEOMETRICAL THEORY OF ELECTRON DIFFRACTION PATTERNS 38
1. The Basic Formula. Types of Electron Diffraction Patterns 38
2. Formation of Spot Electron Diffraction Patterns 42
3. The Geometry of Electron Diffraction Spot Patterns and the Determination of the Unit Cell 53
4. Electron Diffraction Texture Patterns 75
5. Interpretation of Electron Diffraction Patterns from Textures 100
6. Polycrystalline Electron Diffraction Patterns 114
References 123
CHAPTER III. INTENSTFIES OF REFLECTIONS 125
1. General Concepts 125
2. Atomic Scattering 130
3. Scattering of Electrons by Ions 148
4. Temperature Factor 152
5. Structure Amplitude 155
6. Intensity of Reflections from an Ideal Single Crystal 159
7. Intensity of Reflections from a Mosaic Single Crystal Film 168
8. Intensity of Reflections from Single Crystal Films Consisting of Large Blocks 179
9. Intensity of Reflections from Textured Films 191
10. Intensity of Reflections from Polycrystalline Films 201
11. Review of Equations for Intensities of Reflections in Electron Diffraction Patterns 203
12. Experimental Measurements of Intensity 208
References 214
CHAPTER IV. FOURIER METHODS IN ELECTRON DIFFRACTION 216
1. Specific Features of Structure Analysis by Electron Diffraction 217
2. Some Methods of Structure Analysis 221
3. Fourier Series of the Potential 224
4. Ø2-series (Patterson-series) 239
5. Integral Characteristics of the Potential Distribution in Atoms 246
6. The Mean Inner Potential of Crystals 252
7. Normalization of the Fourier Series for the Potential 255
8. Potential at the Centre of an Atom 262
9. Accuracy of the Determination of Potential Values 269
10. Accuracy of the Determination of Atomic Coordinates 275
11. Some Artificial Methods in the Use of Fourier Series 298
References 303
CHAPTER V. EXPERIMENTAL ELECTRON DIFFRACTION STRUCTURE INSTRUCTIONS 306
1. Experimental Technique 307
2. Determination of the Structure of BaCl2 · H2O 311
3. Determination of the Structure of the Hydrated Chlorides of Transition Metals 318
4. Investigation of the Structure of Certain Basic Salts 335
5. Electron Diffraction Studies of Close-packed Structures. The Structures of Carbides and Nitrides of Certain Metals and Semi-conducting Alloys 339
6. Electron Diffraction Investigation of Clay Minerals 355
7. Location of Hydrogen Atoms by Electron Diffraction 361
8. Possibilities Inherent in Structure Analysis by Electron Diifraction 395
References 398
APPENDIXES 402
APPENDIXES I. Geometrical Relationships in Direct and Reciprocal Lattices 402
APPENDIXES II. Fourier Integral in Spherical Coordinates 405
APPENDIXES III. Tables of Atom Factors, fei, for Electron Scattering 407
APPENDIXES IV. New Data on Atom Factors for Electron Scattering 412
AUTHOR INDEX 418
SUBJECT INDEX 422