Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere

Joseph Huba is a Head Research Geophysicist of the Space Plasma Physics Division at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA. Huba's primary area of expertise is the stability of collisional and collisionless plasmas. In this regard he has performed a number of linear and nonlinear studies of a variety of kinetic and fluid plasma instabilities using both analytical and numerical techniques. Huba's research interests have included the study of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the nonlinear theory of interchange instabilities, plasma opening switch dynamics, dynamics of the solar atmosphere, wave phenomena in the ionospheres of earth and Venus, and non-ideal MHD dynamics (i.e., Hall MHD). His current research interests are modeling of the earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere. Huba has over 150 research publications in these areas. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is a member of the American Geophysical Union, the American Physical Society, and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI). Huba served as an associate editor for the Journal of Geophysical Research from 1983 to 1986. He was a member of the NSF CEDAR Science Steering Committee (2008-2010) and has served on a number of NSF and NASA panels.

Preface
Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov vii

Introduction
Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov 1

Section I: Physical Processes

Ionosphere-Thermosphere Physics: Current Status and Problems
R. W. Schunk 3

Physical Characteristics and Modeling of Earth's Thermosphere
Tim Fuller-Rowell 13

Solar Cycle Changes in the Photochemistry of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere
P. G. Richards 29

Energetics and Composition in the Thermosphere
A. G. Burns, W. Wang, S. C. Solomon, and L. Qian 39

Section II: Numerical Methods

Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere
J. D. Huba and G. Joyce 49

Ionospheric Electrodynamics Modeling
A. D. Richmond and A. Maute 57

Section III: IT Models

The NCAR TIE-GCM: A Community Model of the Coupled Thermosphere/Ionosphere System
Liying Qian, Alan G. Burns, Barbara A. Emery, Benjamin Foster, Gang Lu, Astrid Maute, Arthur D. Richmond, Raymond G. Roble, Stanley C. Solomon, and Wenbin Wang 73

The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatics Processes
Yue Deng and Aaron J. Ridley 85

Traveling Atmospheric Disturbance and Gravity Wave Coupling in the Thermosphere
L. C. Gardner and R. W. Schunk 101

Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission
Yi-Jiun Su, John M. Retterer, Ronald G. Caton, Russell A. Stoneback, Robert F. Pfaff, Patrick A. Roddy, and Keith M. Groves 107

Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3
S. E. Mcdonald, J. L. Lean, J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, J. T. Emmert, and D. P. Drob 119

Section IV: Validation of IT Models

Comparative Studies of Theoretical Models in the Equatorial Ionosphere
Tzu-Wei Fang, David Anderson, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Rashid Akmaev, Mihail Codrescu, George Millward, Jan Sojka, Ludger Scherliess, Vince Eccles, John Retterer, Joe Huba, Glenn Joyce, Art Richmond, Astrid Maute, Geoff Crowley, Aaron Ridley, and Geeta Vichare 133

Systematic Evaluation of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) Models: CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge (2009–2010)
J. S. Shim, M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, D. Bilitza, M. Butala, M. Codrescu, B. A. Emery, B. Foster, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, J. Huba, A. J. Mannucci, X. Pi, A. Ridley, L. Scherliess, R. W. Schunk, J. J. Sojka, P. Stephens, D. C. Thompson, D. Weimer, L. Zhu, D. Anderson, J. L. Chau, and E. Sutton 145

Section V: IT Coupling: Above and Below

Aspect of Coupling Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere
R. A. Heelis 161

Use of NOGAPS-ALPHA as a Bottom Boundary for the NCAR/TIEGCM
David E. Siskind and Douglas P. Drob 171

WACCM-X Simulation of Tidal and Planetary Wave Variability in the Upper Atmosphere
H.-L. Liu 181

Inductive-Dynamic Coupling of the Ionosphere With the Thermosphere and the Magnetosphere
P. Song and V. M. Vasyliunas 201

Section VI: Equatorial Ionospheric Processes

Ionospheric Irregularities: Frontiers
D. L. Hysell, H. C. Aveiro, and J. L. Chau 217

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Equatorial Spread F: Results and Diagnostics in the Peruvian Sector
H. C. Aveiro and D. L. Hysell 241

Density and Temperature Structure of Equatorial Spread F Plumes
J. Krall and J. D. Huba 251

Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere: Decadal Observations From the CHAMP Mission
Claudia Stolle and Huixin Liu 259

Section VII: Data Assimilation

Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation With an Ensemble Kalman Filter
Tomoko Matsuo 273

Scientific Investigation Using IDA4D and EMPIRE
G. S. Bust and S. Datta-Barua 283

Section VIII: Applications

Customers and Requirements for Ionosphere Products and Services
Rodney Viereck, Joseph Kunches, Mihail Codrescu, and Robert Steenburgh 299

Model-Based Inversion of Auroral Processes
Joshua Semeter and Matthew Zettergren 309

AGU Category Index 323

Index 325