Atmospheric Pressure Plasma for Surface Modification (eBook)

Rory Wolf is the Vice President and Technology Director at Enercon Industries Corporation, Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, USA, and a recognized industry resource in the field of polymer surface modification. He has twenty-eight years of experience within international positions in the plastics and packaging industries, and specific experience in polymer-based flexible packaging, polymer surface modification systems, and printing industry segments. He has published thirty technical papers, thirty-nine industry articles, and two books on the topic of plastic surface modification by atmospheric plasma technology.

Preface xi

1. Plasma - The Fourth State of Matter 1

1.1 Fundamentals of Plasmas 1

1.2 Thermal vs. Nonthermal Plasmas 6

1.3 Mechanisms for Surfaces Reactions 22

2. Plasmas for Surface Modification 27

2.1 Low-Pressure Plasmas 28

2.2 Microwave Systems 31

2.3 Physical Vapor Deposition Systems 33

2.4 Atmospheric Plasma Systems 42

2.5 Atmospheric Plasma Precursor Deposition Systems 51

3. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Modification Effects 55

3.1 Surface Cleaning 56

3.2 Surface Etching 63

3.3 Surface Functionalization 66

3.4 Grafting and Surface Polymerization Effects 75

4. Characterization Methods of Atmospheric Plasma Surface
Modifications 81

4.1 Surface Characterization Techniques 81

4.2 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 82

4.3 Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry by Time-of-Flight
(TOF-SIMS) 86

4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy 89

4.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM) 97

4.7 Visual Methodologies 98

5. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Roll-to-Roll Polymeric
Surfaces 109

5.1 Material Classifications and Applications 110

5.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 116

5.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 117

6. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Three-Dimensional
Polymeric Surfaces 121

6.1 Material Classifications and Applications 125

6.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 129

6.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 135

7. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Textile Surfaces
139

7.1 Material Classifications and Applications 141

7.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 145

7.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 151

8. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Paper Surfaces
155

8.1 Material Classifications and Applications 157

8.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 162

8.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 164

9. Atmospheric Plasma Modification of Metal Surfaces
167

9.1 Material Classifications and Applications 168

9.2 Atmospheric Plasma Processing Surface Effects 173

9.3 Assessments of Surface Modification Effects 177

10. Atmospheric Plasma Surface Antimicrobial Effects
181

10.1 Antimicrobial Surface Effects 183

10.2 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods - Medical
187

10.3 Inactivation and Sterilization Methods - Food 189

11. Economic and Ecological Considerations 195

11.1 Operating Cost Comparison of Atmospheric Plasma Systems
196

11.2 Environmental/Sustainable Advantages 201

12. Emerging and Future Atmospheric Plasma Applications
205

12.1 Solar and Other Alternative Energy Systems 205

12.2 Energy Storage Technologies 211

12.3 Aviation and Aerospace Applications 215

12.4 Electronic Device Fabrication 216

12.5 Air Purification Applications 220

12.6 Medical Engineering 221

13. Economic and Environmental Assessment 225

13.1 Goal and Scope 226

13.2 Functional Units 227

13.3 System Boundaries 230

13.4 Data Documentation 232

13.5 Lifecycle Interpretation 233

"This book is recommended to anyone who wishes to acquire
the practical and applied aspects of APP technology."
(Surface Innovations, 1 March 2013)