Natural Gas Conversion IV (eBook)

Front Cover 1
NATURAL GAS CONVERSION IV 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 16
Organising and Advisory Committee 18
Financial Support 19
PART 1: SYNTHESIS OF ALCOHOLS AND OTHER OXYGENATES 20
Chapter 1. The Use of a Jet-Stirred Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) to Study the Homogeneous Gas Phase Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol 22
Chapter 2. Synthesis of Alcohols from Syngas Over Ni-Based Catalyst: Comparison with the Hydroformylation Reaction 28
Chapter 3. Zirconia Modified Ru/Al2O3 Catalysts for the Synthesis of Oxygenated Products from Syngas 34
Chapter 4. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Formaldehyde on Bulk and Silica Supported M0O3 and V2O5 Catalysts: Surface Features and Reaction Mechanism 42
Chapter 5. Methanol Synthesis from CO2/H2 Over Pd-Promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 Catalysts: Kinetics and Deactivation 48
Chapter 6. About the Mechanism of Methanol Synthesis 54
Chapter 7. A Novel Approach to the Scientific Design of Oxide Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Methane to Methanol 60
Chapter 8. Higher Alcohol Synthesis on Iron-Copper-Molybdenum Containing Catalysts 66
Chapter 9. Links between Reaction Intermediates, Activity and/or Selectivity in Syngas Chemistry 74
Chapter 10. Low Temperature Direct Oxidation of Methane to Methanol 82
Chapter 11. Copper-Cobalt Catalysts for Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Syngas 86
Chapter 12. Custom Made Catalysts for Low Pressure Methanol Synthesis 92
PART 2: ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 98
Chapter 13. Keys to Methane Conversion Technologies 100
Chapter 14. Economic Route for Natural Gas Conversion to Ethylene and Propylene 106
Chapter 15. Large-Scale Production of Alternative Synthetic Fuels from Natural Gas 118
Chapter 16. Dimethyl Ether: A Fuel for the 21st Century 136
Chapter 17. SOFC Based on Supported Thick-Film Ce(Gd)O2-X Electrolytes 146
Chapter 18. Use of Natural Gas in a Catalytic Radiant Burner for Low-Emission Heat Production 152
Chapter 19. Ethermix Process: Synthesis of Ethers from CO/H2 158
Chapter 20. A Technical and Economic Comparison of Natural Gas and Coal Feedstocks for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 164
PART 3: FISCHER-TROPSCH 170
Chapter 21. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis on Cobalt Catalysts: Structural Requirements and Reaction Pathways 172
Chapter 22. Activity and Selectivity of Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts in a Stirred Tank Slurry Reactor 182
Chapter 23. The Role of Catalyst Activation on the Activity and Attrition of Precipitated Iron Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts 188
Chapter 24. Role of CO2 Oxygenates and Alkenes in the Initiation of Chain Growth During the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 194
Chapter 25. Kinetic Analysis of Slurry Phase Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 200
Chapter 26. Drifts Studies on Co/TiO2 Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts 206
Chapter 27. Effect of Water Partial Pressure on Steady State Fischer-Tropsch Activity and Selectivity of a Promoted Cobalt Catalyst 212
Chapter 28. Potassium-Promoted Titania-Supported Nickel-Iron Catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis 220
Chapter 29. Cobalt as an Alternative Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst to Iron for the Production of Middle Distillates 226
Chapter 30. Selection, Design and Scale up of the Fischer-Tropsch Reactor 232
Chapter 31. Developments in Fischer-Tropsch Technology 238
Chapter 32. Cobalt on Tungsten-Modified Alumina Catalysts for Olefin Synthesis 244
Chapter 33. Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 with K and Mn Promoted Iron Catalysts 250
Chapter 34. Reoxidation of Supported Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts 256
Chapter 35. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis:Drifts and SIMS Surface Investigation of Co and Co/Ru on Titania Supports 262
Chapter 36. Nascent Characteristics of Cobalt-Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts 268
PART 4: NOVEL METHANE REACTIONS 274
Chapter 37. The Conversion of Methane to Benzene Over Mo/ZSM-5 Zeolites in the Absence of an Oxidant 276
Chapter 38. Methane Homologation on Co Supported Catalysts 282
Chapter 39. Methane to Vinyl Chloride by "Chloro-Pyrolysis" of Methyl Chloride 288
Chapter 40. Palladium-Catalyzed Acetic Acid Synthesis from Methane and Carbon Dioxide 294
Chapter 41. Formation of Ethane and Ethylene by the Reaction of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Over Unsupported Metal Oxides 298
Chapter 42. Reaction Characterisation and Mechanism for the Selective Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Methane Over Cobalt-Containing Medium Pore Zeolites 304
PART 5: OXIDATIVE COUPLING 310
Chapter 43. Beneficial Effects of Inorganic Chlorine Grafting on Sm2Sn2O7, Pyrochlore During Oxidative Coupling of Methane 312
Chapter 44. Direct Oxidative Conversion of Methane into Higher Hydrocarbons and Oxy-Products in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide 320
Chapter 45. Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Ethylene with 85% Yield in a Gas Recycle Electrocatalytic or Catalytic Reactor Separator 326
Chapter 46. Methane Oxidative Coupling Over Metallo Oxide Catalysts 332
Chapter 47. Oxidative Coupling of Methane Over Natural Calcium Compounds in Fixed and Fluidized-Bed Reactors 338
Chapter 48. Methane Oxidative Coupling Using Porous Ceramic Membrane Reactors. Effect of an Increased Permeation Flux 344
Chapter 49. Comparative Study on Low Temperature Methane Activation Over Cobalt and Ruthenium Supported on Al2O3, SiO2 and Nay 352
Chapter 50. A Reaction-Separation Combined OCM Process for High C2 Hydrocarbon Yields 358
Chapter 51. Structure Sensitivity of Oxidative Coupling of Methane and Dehydrogenation of Ethane Over Lanthana Catalysts 364
Chapter 52. Kinetic Limit of C2 Hydrocarbons Yield at Gas-Phase Oxidative Coupling of Methane 370
Chapter 53. Measurement of Kinetic Isotope Effects Over Methane Coupling Catalysts in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide 374
Chapter 54. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane at Low Temperature Over Nickel Catalysts: Influence of Morphology and Chemical State of the Solid During Reaction 380
Chapter 55. Dehydrogenative Coupling of Methane in Thermal Diffusion Reactor with Platinum Impregnated Carbon Rod as a Pyrogen 386
Chapter 56. Oxidative Coupling of Methane Over Li/Sn/Mgo Catalysts. Use of a Fluidized Bed Reactor at Low Gas Velocities 392
Chapter 57. Oxidative Coupling of Methane by Water 398
Chapter 58. Effect of Gas Phase Reactions in the Oxidative Coupling of Methane 402
Chapter 59. Oxidative Methane Coupling. Prospects and Conceptual Design for Co-Generation of Olefins and Electric Power with Reduced CO2 Emission and Feed Stock Demand 408
PART 6: PARTIAL OXIDATION 414
Chapter 60. Hydrogen Production on Nickel-Monolith Structures by Partial Oxidation of Methane at High Pressure 416
Chapter 61. New Highly Active Catalysts in Direct Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas 422
Chapter 62. Development of Dense Ceramic Membranes for Methane Conversion 428
Chapter 63. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas - Experimental and Modelling Studies 434
Chapter 64. Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas -Catalysis and Reaction Engineering 440
Chapter 65. Syngas Production by Partial Oxidation of Methane: Dependence of Reactivity on Catalyst Properties and Contact Time 448
Chapter 66. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas Over Supported Ruthenium Catalysts 454
Chapter 67. Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas Over Ni-Loaded Ultrastable HY Zeolite Catalysts 460
Chapter 68. Partial Oxidation of Methane Over Nickel- and Cobalt-Based Catalysts 466
Chapter 69. Internal and External Transport Effects During the Oxidative Reforming of Methane on a Commercial Steam Reforming Catalyst 474
Chapter 70. High Yield Syngas Formation by Partial Oxidation of Methane Over Co-Alumina Catalysts 480
Chapter 71. Effect of La2O3 Added to NiO/Al2O3 Catalyst on Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas 486
Chapter 72. The Role of Catalysis in the Conversion of Natural Gas for Power Generation 492
PART 7: REFORMING 508
Chapter 73. A Comparison of Nickel and Rhodium Catalysts for the Reforming of Methane by Carbon Dioxide 510
Chapter 74. The Influence of Rare Earth Oxides on Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts During CO2 Reforming of CH4 516
Chapter 75. Studies on Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Reforming of Ch4 to Synthesis Gas - A Combined Research for TPD, TPPR and XPS 522
Chapter 76. Performance of Ni/La2O3 Catalyst in Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas 530
Chapter 77. A New Route to Syngas - Combined Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Ethane on Zeolites 536
Chapter 78. Reaction of CH4 with CO2 and H2O Over Supported Ir Catalyst 544
Chapter 79. The Production of Synthesis Gas by the Redox of Cerium Oxide 550
Chapter 80. The Development of Platinum-Zirconia Catalysts for the CO2 Reforming of Methane 556
Chapter 81. Low-Temperature Syngas Formation by CO2 Reforming of Methane in a Hydrogen-Permselective Membrane Reactor 566
Chapter 82. CO2 Reforming of Methane in a Membrane Reactor 574
Chapter 83. Membrane Reactors - A New Technology for Production of Synthesis Gas by Steam Reforming 580
Chapter 84. A Gas Fired Heat-Pipe Reformer for Small-Scale Hydrogen Production 586
AUTHOR INDEX 592
OTHER VOLUMES IN THE SERIES 596