Progress in Optics (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Progress in Optics, Volume XI 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 12
Preface 10
CHAPTER I. MASTER EQUATION METHODS IN QUANTUM OPTICS 18
1. Introduction 20
2. Phase Space Methods 25
3. Master Equation for a General System 30
4. Master Equations for Systems Interacting with Stochastic Perturbations 35
5. Master Equations for Open Systems 40
6. Relaxation of a Harmonic Oscillator 44
7. Brownian Motion of a Quantum Oscillator 54
8. Relaxation of an Atom 57
9. Incoherent and Coherent (Superradiance) Spontaneous Emission 61
10. Laser Master Equation 69
11. Master Equations for Strongly Interacting Quantum Systems in Contact with Heat Baths 75
12. An Application of Phase Space Techniques to a Problem in Solid State Physics 82
Appendix. Some Properties of the Fokker-Planck Process 84
References 90
CHAPTER II. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN FAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES 94
1. Introduction 96
2. Conventional Far Infrared Spectroscopic Instruments 96
3. New Spectroscopic Methods 108
4. Conclusion 137
References 138
CHAPTER III. INTERACTION OF LIGHT AND ACOUSTIC SURFACE WAVES 140
1. Introduction 142
2. Interaction of Light and Rayleigh Waves 146
3. Interaction of Optical Guided Waves and Acoustic Surface Waves 170
4. Conclusion 181
Acknowledgements 182
References 182
CHAPTER IV. EVANESCENT WAVES IN OPTICAL IMAGING 184
1. Introduction 186
2. Existence and Creation of Evanescent Waves 187
3. Experimental Verification of the Existence and Properties of Evanescent Waves 201
4. Image Formation, Processing, and Transfer Using Frustrated Total Internal Reflection 206
5. Use of Evanescent Waves to Record or Transform Optical Images 212
6. Evanescent Wave Holography 214
7. Lateral Waves in Optical Imaging Situations 231
References 235
CHAPTER V. PRODUCTION OF ELECTRON PROBES USING A FIELD EMISSION SOURCE 240
1. Introduction-Consideration of Brightness 242
2. Field Emission Sources 243
3. An Electron Gun System 245
4. Types of Imaging Systems to be Considered 249
5. General Considerations of Brightness and Intensity 250
6. Examples of Electron Optic Systems 253
7. Field Emission Source and Electron Gun and Magnetic Lens 257
8. Generalized System 260
9. Discussion 263
References 263
CHAPTER VI. HAMILTONIAN THEORY OF BEAM MODE PROPAGATION 264
1. Introduction 266
2. Geometrical Optics Fields 271
3. Wave Optics and Wave Mechanics 278
4. Complex Ray Representation of Gaussian Beams 283
5. Systems with Non-Uniform Losses 290
6. Mode-Generating Systems 293
7. Non-Orthogonal Optical Systems 296
8. Anisotropic Media 301
9. The Scalar Wave Equation 304
10. Hamiltonian Optics 309
11. Properties of the Point-Eikonal 312
12. Beam Modes 317
13. Conclusion 318
References 319
CHAPTER VII. GRADIENT INDEX LENSES 322
1. Historical Background 324
2. Recent Developments 326
3. Ray Tracing 328
4. Lens Design 342
5. GRIN Rods 350
6. Conclusions 353
References 354
AUTHOR INDEX 356
SUBJECT INDEX 362
CUMULATIVE INDEX – VOLUMES I-XI 372