CdTe and Related Compounds; Physics, Defects, Hetero- and Nano-structures, Crystal Growth, Surfaces and Applications (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Physics, cdte-based Nanostructures, cdte-based Semimagnetic semiconductors, Defects 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
List of Contributors 10
Foreword 1
Chapter 1: Introduction 14
Chapter 2: Physics 18
Chapter 2A: Zinc Blende Alloy Materials: Band Structures and Binding Properties 20
1. Introduction 20
2. Survey of First Principles Status 21
3. Crystal Structures, Binding, and Elastic Constants 22
4. Concentration Fluctuations 28
5. Conclusions 32
Acknowledgments 33
References 33
Chapter 2B: Optical Phonon Spectra in CdTe Crystals and Ternary Alloys of CdTe Compounds 35
1. Introduction 35
2. Phonon Spectra of CdTe 35
3. Localized Modes of Impurities In CdTe 40
4. Ternary Alloys of the CdTe Compounds 42
References 49
Chapter 2D: Optical Properties of CdTe 72
Chapter 2C: Band Structcre 51
1. Parameters at 300 K and Lowertemperatures 51
2. Electrical Properties 63
Acknowledgments 69
References 69
Chapter 3: CdTe-Based Nanostructures 112
1. Growth 113
2. Electronic Properties 127
3. Perspectives 141
Acknowledgments 142
References 142
Chapter 4: CdTe-Based Semimagnetic Semiconductors 146
1. Introduction 146
2. Crystal Growth Technology of CdMnTe 147
3. Physical Properties of Bulk CdMnTe 148
4. Other Cdte-Based Semimagnetic Semiconductors 157
5. Epitaxial Layers and Low-Dimensional Structures 158
6. Conclusions and Prospects 176
Acknowledgments 177
References 177
Chapter 5: Defects 182
Chapter 5A: Extended Defects in CdTe 184
1. Introduction 184
2. Crystallography, Descriptions of the Defect Types and Defect Phenomena 193
3. Defects in Bulk Crystals of CdTe 221
Acknowledgements 234
Literature on Extended Defects in CdTe 234
References 235
Chapter 5B: Inclusions and Precipitates in CdZnTe Substrates 241
1. Introduction 241
2. Second Phase Particles: Formation and Identification 243
3. How to Produce Precipitate and Inclusion Free CdZnTe Substrates 255
4. CdZnTe Wafer Purification 264
5. Conclusion 267
References 268
Chapter 5C: Point Defects 271
Chapter 5C1: Theoretical Calculation of Point Defect Formation Energies in CdTe 272
1. Introduction 272
2. Formation Energies 273
3. Electronic Excitation Energies 274
4. Defect Free Energies 275
5. Prediction of Native Point Defect Densities in CdTe 276
6. Native Defects and their Relationship to Doping 277
7. Future Challenges 277
References 278
Chapter 5C2: Experimental identification ofintrinsic point defects 279
Chapter 5C2A: Characterization of Intrinsic Defect Levels in CdTe and CdZnTe 280
1. Introduction 280
2. Characterization of Various Defect Levels in Cdte/Czt 282
3. Conclusions 302
Acknowledgments 302
References 303
Chapter 5C2B: Experimental Identification of the Point Defects 305
1. Introduction 305
2. Charged PDs 306
References 319
Chapter 6: Doping 322
1. Preliminary Remarks 322
2. Impurities in CdTe 323
3. General Aspects of Dopant Behaviour 326
4. Dopants in CdTe 330
References 369
Chapter 7: Impurity Compensation 376
1. Introduction 376
2. Compensated Conductivity 377
3. Semi-Insulating State 385
4. Amphoteric Impurities 396
5. Conclusion 397
References 398
Author Index 402
Subject Index 426