Traffic and Granular Flow ' 05 (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 7
Granular Flow 14
Saturn’s Rings Seen by Cassini Spacecraft: Discoveries, Questions and New Problems 15
Universality Classes for Force Networks in Jammed Matter 43
Species Segregation and Dynamical Instability of Horizontally Vibrated Granular Mixtures 53
Lattice Versus Lennard-Jones Models with a Net Particle Flow 64
Dune Formation 74
Dynamics of Aeolian Sand Heaps and Dunes: The Influence of the Wind Strength 89
Granular Shearing and Barkhausen Noise 100
Component Analysis of Granular Friction 110
Granular Flow and Pattern Formation on a Vibratory Conveyor 120
Erosion Waves: When a Model Experiment Meets a Theory 138
Bidisperse Granular Flow on Inclined Rough Planes 155
Sheared and Vibrated Granular Gas in Microgravity 165
A Domino Model for Granular Surface Flow 175
Morphological Change of Crack Patterns Induced by Memory Effect of Drying Paste 188
Hydrodynamic Interactions Between Electrically Charged Grains in Suspensions 194
Particle Discharge Process from a Capillary Pipe 200
Transport in Biological Systems 210
From Intracellular Traffic to a Novel Class of Driven Lattice Gas Models 211
Traffic Phenomena in Biology: From Molecular Motors to Organisms 229
Cooperative Behaviour of Semiflexible Polymers and Filaments 245
Traffic of Molecular Motors 256
Stochastic Modelling and Experiments on Intra- Cellular Transport of Single- Headed Molecular Motors 267
Traffic on Bidirectional Ant Trails: Coarsening Behaviour and Fundamental Diagrams 273
Phase Diagram of Group Formation in 2- D Optimal Velocity Model 281
On the Harmonic–Mean Property of Model Dispersive Systems Emerging Under Mononuclear, Mixed and Polynuclear Path Conditions 287
Pedestrians 301
Pedestrian Free Speed Behavior in Crossing Flows 302
The Fundamental Diagram of Pedestrian Movement Revisited – Empirical Results and Modelling 308
Flow-Density Relations for Pedestrian Traffic 318
Avoiding Inefficient Oscillations in Intersecting Vehicle and Pedestrian Flows by a Speed Limit 326
Microscopic Calibration and Validation of Pedestrian Models: Cross- Comparison of Models Using Experimental Data 332
The Simulation of Crowds at Very Large Events 344
Transport-Equilibrium Schemes for Pedestrian Flows with Nonclassical Shocks 350
Networks and Urban Traffic 360
Decision-Making and Transport Costs in Complex Networks 361
Specifica of Fundamental Diagram in Urban Traffic 377
A Fluidodynamic Model for Traffic in a Road Network 385
Approach to Critical Link Analysis of Robustness for Dynamical Road Networks 395
Traffic Flow in Bogota 405
Simulating Pedestrian-Vehicle Interaction in an Urban Network Using Cellular Automata and Multi- Agent Models 412
Multi-Phase Signal Setting and Capacity of Intersections 420
Stability of Flows on Networks 427
Laboratory Experiments with Nagel- Schreckenberg Algorithm 436
Traffic Flow: Theory 444
Phase Transitions in Stochastic Models of Flow 445
Metastability of Traffic Flow in Zero- Range Model 458
Extension of Cluster Dynamics to Cellular Automata with Shuffle Update 464
Asymmetric Exclusion Processes with Non- Factorizing Steady States 470
Two-Capacity Flow: Cellular Automata Simulations and Kinematic- Wave Models 477
Mechanical Restriction Versus Human Overreaction: Accident Avoidance and Two- Lane Traffic Simulations 499
Ramp Effects in Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Processes 505
Linking Cellular Automata and Optimal- Velocity Models Through Wave Selections at Bottlenecks 511
Linking Synchronized Flow and Kinematic Waves 517
Probabilistic Description of Traffic Breakdown 523
How to Calculate Traffic Breakdown Probability? 533
Models for Highway Traffic and Their Connections to Thermodynamics 540
Variance-Driven Traffic Dynamics 546
Stability of Steady State Solutions in Balanced Vehicular Traffic 553
Wave Selection Problems in the Presence of a Bottleneck 559
Impacts of Lane Changes at Merge Bottlenecks: A Theory and Strategies to Maximize Capacity 570
Modeling a Bottleneck by the Aw-Rascle Model with Phase Transitions 580
Solvability and Metastability of the Stochastic Optimal Velocity Model 587
Modeling of Flows with Power-Law Spectral Densities and Power- Law Distributions of Flow Intensities 594
Relationship Between Non-Markovian- and Drift- Fokker- Planck Equation 603
Traffic Flow: Empirical Results and Applications 610
Accidents in Platoons of Vehicles 611
Jam-Avoiding Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and its Impact on Traffic Dynamics 620
Inter-Vehicle Communication on Freeways: Statistical Properties of Information Propagation in Ad- Hoc Networks 631
Effects of Advanced Traveller Information Systems on Agents’ Behaviour in a Traffic Scenario 642
Chaotic Traffic Flows on Two Crossroads Caused by Real- Time Traffic Information 652
A Vehicle Detection and Tracking Approach Using Probe Vehicle LIDAR Data 659
Multi-Anticipative Car-Following Behavior: An Empirical Analysis 670
Statistical Analysis of Floating-Car Data: An Empirical Study 681
Scale-Free Features in the Observed Traffic Flow 691
States of Traffic Flow in the Deep Lefortovo Tunnel ( Moscow): Empirical Data 698
List of Contributors 705