Handbook of Optimization in Medicine (eBook)

Preface 7
Contents 9
List of Contributors 11
1 Optimizing Organ Allocation and Acceptance 14
1.1 Introduction 14
1.2 Kidney Allocation System 16
1.3 Liver Allocation System 17
1.4 Optimization from the Patient’s Perspective 20
1.5 Optimization from the Societal Perspective 25
1.6 Conclusions 35
Acknowledgments 35
References 35
2 Can We Do Better? Optimization Models for Breast Cancer Screening 38
2.1 Introduction 38
2.2 Optimization Models for Mammography Screening 43
2.3 Models for Scheduling Screening Examinations 48
2.4 Optimization Models for Breast Cancer Screening (and Treatment) 57
2.5 Areas for Future Research 60
Acknowledgments 63
References 63
3 Optimization Models and Computational Approaches for Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Treatment Planning 66
3.1 Introduction 66
3.2 Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy 68
3.3 Formulating the Optimization Problems 72
3.4 Solution Quality in Clinical Perspective 78
3.5 Solution Time Reduction Techniques 84
3.6 Case Study 87
3.7 Discussion 91
References 91
4 Continuous Optimization of Beamlet Intensities for Intensity Modulated Photon and Proton Radiotherapy 95
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Preliminaries 99
4.3 Optimization Models for IMRT Treatment Planning 101
4.4 Sensitivity Analysis 119
4.5 Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy 121
4.6 Example Case 123
Acknowledgments 126
References 126
5 Multicriteria Optimization in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Planning 135
5.1 The IMRT Treatment Planning Problem 135
5.2 Optimization as a Virtual Engineering Process 139
5.3 Multicriteria Optimization 145
5.4 The Numerical Realization 156
5.5 Navigating the Database 160
5.6 Clinical Examples 169
5.7 Research Topics 173
Acknowledgment 174
References 174
6 Algorithms for Sequencing Multileaf Collimators 180
6.1 Introduction 180
6.2 Algorithms for SMLC 184
6.3 Algorithms for DMLC 199
6.4 Field Splitting Without Feathering 207
6.5 Minimizing the Number of Segments 217
6.6 Conclusion 221
Acknowledgment 221
References 222
7 Image Registration and Segmentation Based on Energy Minimization 224
7.1 Image Registration 224
7.2 Edge Detection and Image Segmentation 242
Acknowledgment 259
References 259
8 Optimization Techniques for Data Representations with Biomedical Applications 264
8.1 Introduction 264
8.2 Independent Component Analysis 265
8.3 Other Methods for ICA 277
8.4 Sparse Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation Using Sparseness 280
8.5 Applications 287
8.6 Conclusion 298
Acknowledgments 298
References 298
9 Algorithms for Genomics Analysis 302
9.1 Introduction 302
9.2 Phylogenetic Analysis 303
9.3 Multiple Sequence Alignment 311
9.4 Novel Graph-Theoretical–Based Genomic Models 318
9.5 Summary 329
Acknowledgment 330
References 330
10 Optimization and Data Mining in Epilepsy Research: A Review and Prospective 335
10.1 Introduction 335
10.2 Background: Epilepsy and Seizure Prediction 336
10.3 Mining EEG Time Series: Chaos in Brain 341
10.4 Optimization and Data Mining in Epilepsy Research 343
10.5 Concluding Remarks and Prospective Issues 358
Acknowledgments 360
References 360
11 Mathematical Programming Approaches for the Analysis of Microarray Data 367
11.1 Microarrays and the New Biology 367
11.2 Issues in Microarray Data Analysis 368
11.3 Analysis of Gene Expression Data: Tissue Clustering and Classification 369
11.4 Inferring Regulatory Networks 380
11.5 A Final Comment 382
11.6 Research Challenges 382
Acknowledgments 385
References 385
12 Classification and Disease Prediction via Mathematical Programming 390
12.1 Introduction 391
12.2 Mathematical Programming Approaches 395
12.3 MIP-Based Multigroup Classification Models and Applications to Medicine and Biology 410
12.4 Progress and Challenges 428
12.5 Other Methods 428
12.6 Summary and Conclusion 430
Acknowledgment 432
References 432
Index 440