A Companion to Biological Anthropology

Clark Spencer Larsen is Distinguished Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Chair of the Department of Anthropology at The Ohio State University. He has served as president of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and as editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. He is the author or editor of more than 25 books and monographs, including Advances in Dental Anthropology (with Marc A. Kelley, 1991), Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton (1997), Skeletons in Our Closet: Revealing Our Past through Bioarchaeology (2002), and Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (2008).

List of Illustrations x List of Tables xvi Notes on Contributors xvii Acknowledgments xxv Introduction 1 Part I History 11 1 History of Biological Anthropology 13 Michael A. Little and Robert W. Sussman Part II The Present and the Living 39 2 Evolution: What It Means and How We Know 41 Kenneth M. Weiss and Anne V. Buchanan 3 Systematics, Taxonomy, and Phylogenetics: Ordering Life, Past and Present 56 Bernard A. Wood 4 The Study of Human Population Genetics 74 John H. Relethford 5 Human Molecular Genetics: The DNA Revolution and Variation 88 Dennis H. O Rourke 6 Deconstructing Race: Racial Thinking, Geographic Variation, and Implications for Biological Anthropology 104 Rachel Caspari 7 Growth, Development, Senescence, and Aging: A Life History Perspective 124 Douglas E. Crews and Barry Bogin 8 Climate-Related Morphological Variation and Physiological Adaptations in Homo sapiens 153 Gary D. James 9 Emerging Themes in Anthropology and Epidemiology: Geographic Spread, Evolving Pathogens, and Syndemics 167 Lisa Sattenspiel and D. Ann Herring 10 Demographic Estimation: Indirect Techniques for Anthropological Populations 179 Timothy B. Gage 11 Nutrition, Health, and Function 194 Darna L. Dufour 12 Ongoing Evolution in Humans 207 Lorena Madrigal and Jessica Willoughby 13 Primates Defined 222 W. Scott McGraw 14 Primate Behavior and Sociality 243 Karen B. Strier 15 Evolution of the Brain, Cognition, and Speech 258 Dean Falk Part III The Past and the Dead 273 16 Primate Origins: The Early Cenozoic Fossil Record 275 Gregg F. Gunnell and Mary T. Silcox 17 Catarrhine Cousins: The Origin and Evolution of Monkeys and Apes of the Old World 295 David R. Begun 18 The Earliest Hominins 314 Scott W. Simpson 19 Origins, Evolution, and Dispersal of Early Members of the Genus Homo 341 G. Philip Rightmire 20 Species, Populations, and Assimilation in Later Human Evolution 357 Fred H. Smith 21 Bioarchaeology: Health, Lifestyle, and Society in Recent Human Evolution 379 Clark Spencer Larsen and Phillip L. Walker 22 Paleopathology: A Contemporary Perspective 395 Jane E. Buikstra 23 Issues in Forensic Anthropology 412 Douglas H. Ubelaker 24 Paleogenetics: Ancient DNA in Anthropology 427 Frederika A. Kaestle Part IV The Living and the Dead 443 25 Diet Reconstruction and Ecology Using Stable Isotope Ratios 445 Margaret J. Schoeninger 26 Current Concepts in Bone Biology 465 James H. Gosman and Samuel D. Stout 27 Growing Planes : Incremental Growth Layers in the Dental Enamel of Human Ancestors 485 Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg 28 Understanding Skull Function from a Mechanobiological Perspective 501 David J. Daegling 29 Tooth Form and Function in Biological Anthropology 516 Peter S. Ungar and Peter W. Lucas 30 Locomotor Function across Primates (Including Humans) 530 Daniel L. Gebo Part V Science and Education 545 31 Science Education and Physical Anthropology 547 Martin K. Nickels Index 561