Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial Ecosystems

Conference Address.- I. The Nature of Precipitation Reaching the Forest Canopy and the Ground.- 1. Wet and Dry Deposition of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds from the Atmosphere.- 2. An Estimation of the Atmospheric Input of Acidifying Substances to a Forest Ecosystem.- 3. Sulfur Dioxide Absorbed in Rain Water.- 4. Difficulties in Measuring Wet and Dry Deposition on Forest Canopies and Soil Surfaces.- 5. Wet and Dry Deposition of Sulfur at Hubbard Brook.- 6. Acid Snow - Snowpack Chemistry and Snowmelt.- 7. Ion Relationship in Acid Precipitation and Stream Chemistry.- 8. The Sulfur Budget of Sweden.- II: The Effect of Acidic Atmospheric Inputs on Vegetation.- A: Direct Effects.- 9. Some Special Features of the Ecophysiological Effects of Air Pollution on Coniferous Forests During the Winter.- 10. Regional and Local Effects of Air Pollution, Mainly Sulfur Dioxide, on Lichens and Bryophytes in Denmark.- 11. Some Effects of Rain and Mist on Plants, with Implications for Acid Precipitation.- 12. Experimental Studies on the Phytotoxicity of Acidic Precipitation: The United States Experience.- B. The Influence of Vegetation in Modifying Atmospheric Inputs to the Soil.- 13. Assessing the Contribution of Crown Leaching to the Element Content of Rainwater Beneath Trees.- 14. Input to Soil, Especially the Influence of Vegetation in Intercepting and Modifying Inputs - A Review.- III: Effect of Acid Precipitation on Soils.- 15. The Acidification of Soils.- 16. Effect of Low pH on the Chemical Structure and Reactions of Humic Substances.- 17. Podsolization: Mechanisms and Possible Effects of Acid Precipitation.- 18. Interaction Between Cations and Anions Influencing Adsorption and Leaching.- 19. Production and Consumption of Hydrogen Ions in the Ecosphere.- IV: Effect of Soil Acidity onPlant Nutrition, Mineral Cycling and Soil Microbial Activity.- 20. The Effects of Soil Acidity on Nutrient Availability and Plant Response.- 21. Effects of Artificial Acid Rain on the Growth and Nutrient Status of Trees.- 22. Forest Ecosystem Responses to Acid Deposition-Hydrogen Ion Budget and Nitrogen/Tree Growth Model Approaches.- 23. Predicting Potential Impacts of Acid Rain on Elemental Cycling in a Southern Appalachain Deciduous Forest at Coweeta.- 24. Effects of Artificial Acid Rain and Liming on Soil Organisms and the Decomposition of Organic Matter.- 25. Effects of Acidity on Microorganisms and Microbial Processes in Soil.- 26. Soil Organisms and Litter Decomposition in a Scots Pine Forest-Effects of Experimental Acidification.- 27. Effects of Sulphur Deposition on Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Leaching in Coniferous Forest Soils.- 28. Smelter Pollution near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, and Effects on Forest Litter Decomposition.- 29. Effects of Rainfall Acidification on Plant Pathogens.- V. The Influence of Acid Precipitation on Soil Inputs to Water.- 30. Variations in Precipitation and Streamwater Chemistry at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest During 1964 to 1977.- 31. Effects of Acid Deposition Upon Outputs from Terrestrial to Aquatic Ecosystems.- 32. Effects of Acid Leaching on Cation Loss from Soils.- 33. Studies of Acid Rain on Soils and Catchments.- VI: Identification of Sensitive Sites and Soils.- 34. Site Susceptibility to Leaching by H2SO4 in Acid Rainfall.- 35. Ion Adsorption Isotherms in Predicting Leaching Losses from Soils due to Increased Inputs of “Hydrogen” Ions - A Case Study.- 36. The Sensitivity of Soils to Acid Precipitation.- 37. The Sensitivity of Soils to Acidification.- 38. Sensitivity of Different Soils to AcidPrecipitation.- VII: Meeting Summaries Rapporteurs Reports.- A. Wet and Dry Deposition Including Melting Phenomena and Snowpack Chemistry.- B. Direct Effect of Atmospheric Deposition on Plant Growth.- C. Inputs to Soil: The Influence of Vegetation.- D. Effects of Acid Precipitation on Soils.- E. Effects of Soil Acidity on Nutrient Availability and Plant Response.- F. Effects of Acidity on Nitrogen Cycling.- G. Effects of Acidification on Soil Microbes, Including Decomposition Processes.- H. Effects of Acid Precipitation on Plants and Plant Pathogens.- I. Effect of Acid Precipitation on Water Quality, and on Effects via Soil into Water Bodies.- J. Identification of Sensitive Sites and Soils.- VIII: Conclusions and Recommendations.- List of Participants.- Species Index.