Mirror Lake

Thomas C. Winter is a senior research hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. Gene E. Likens is the Director and President of the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY.

Preface and Acknowledgments xv 1. A Limnological Introduction to Mirror Lake 1 Gene E. Likens Limnological History of the Lake 4 The Lake Today 5 This Book 13 Tables 15 References 19 2. Hydrologic Processes and the Water Budget 23 Donald O. Rosenberry and Thomas C. Winter Hydrogeologic Setting 24 Hydrologic Processes 27 Methods of Determining Water Budget Components 31 Results 44 Tables 65 References 67 3. Nutrient Dynamics 69 Donald C. Buso, Gene E. Likens, James W. LaBaugh, and Darren Bade Research Methods 71 Research Results 83 Considerations 128 Conclusions 152 Tables 155 References 201 4. Evaluation of Methods and Uncertainties in the Water Budget 205 Thomas C. Winter and Donald O. Rosenberry Water Storage in the Lake 205 Precipitation 206 Evaporation 207 Surface Water 208 Groundwater 211 Tables 221 References 223 5. Evaluation of Methods and Uncertainties in the Chemical Budget 225 James W. LaBaugh, Donald C. Buso, and Gene E. Likens Uncertainty in the Water Budgets Used to Determine Chemical Budgets 226 Uncertainties in Chemical Analyses 229 Uncertainties in Sample Collection 230 Alternate Approaches to Determining Chemical Budgets 236 The Relation of Uncertainties to Hypotheses 246 The Relation of Water and Solute Budgets to Lake Concentrations 257 Uncertainty in Perspective 262 Tables 264 References 295 6. Mirror Lake: Past, Present, and Future 299 Gene E. Likens and James W. LaBaugh Historical Change 300 Hydrological and Biogeochemical Fluxes 303 Management Considerations 306 Cultural Eutrophication 310 The Future 314 References 320 7. Summary and Conclusions 327 Thomas C. Winter and Gene E. Likens Index 333