Obstetric, Thoracic and Cardiac Anesthesia

PART I OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA Section I. Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy 1. Cardiovascular Changes in Pregnancy 2. Aortocaval Compression in Pregnancy 3. Respiratory Changes in Pregnancy 4. Gastrointestinal, Hematologic and Renal Changes in Pregnancy 5. Central Nervous System Changes in Pregnancy Section II. Anatomy 6. Spinal Anatomy 7. Uterus and Uterine Blood Flow Section III. Pharmacology 8. Local Anesthetics 9. Opioids 10. Phenylephrine 11. Ephedrine 12. Labetalol 13. Pitocin (Oxytocin Injection, Synthetic) 14. Magnesium Sulfate 15. Methylergonovine 16. Carboprost (Hemabate, Prostaglandin F2-Alpha) 17. Hydralazine 18. Cytotec (Misoprostol) 19. Nitroglycerin 20. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists 21. Nifedipine 22. Indomethacin Section IV. The Fetus 23. The Placenta and Placental Transfer of Medications 24. Fetal Heart Tracings: Variability and Heart Rate 25. Fetal Heart Tracings: Decelerations 26. In Utero Resuscitation 27. Fetal Surgery Section V. Equipment for Obstetric Anesthesia 28. Epidural Needles, Catheters and Techniques 29. Spinal Needles 30. Equipment for Airway Management Section VI. Labor and Its Management 31. The Stages of Labor and Innervation 32. Dystocia 33. Lamaze Childbirth Method 34. Paracervical and Pudendal Nerve Blocks 35. Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia 36. Epidural Analgesia for Labor 37. The Test Dose 38. Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia 39. Continuous Spinal Anesthesia Section VII. Cesarean Section 40. Cesarean Section: Technique and Indications 41. Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section 42. Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Section 43. General Anesthesia for Cesarean Section 44. Postoperative Pain Management Section VIII. Obstetric Challenges 45. Breech Presentation 46. Multiple Gestation 47. Preterm Labor 48. Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate 49. Placental Abruption 50. Placenta Previa 51. Preeclampsia and Eclampsia 52. Uterine Atony 53. Uterine Rupture 54. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery 55. Amniotic Fluid Embolism 56. Thromboembolism and Air Embolism 57. Cocaine Abuse 58. Diabetes Mellitus 59. Cardiovascular Disease 60. Morbid Obesity 61. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 62. Cardiac Arrest Section IX. Anesthetic Challenges 63. The Anticoagulated Patient 64. The Febrile Patient 65. Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy 66. Thrombocytopenia 67. Back Pain and Epidural Analgesia 68. Aspiration 69. Unable To Intubate Section X. Complications of Neuraxial Techniques 70. Hypotension 71. Post-Dural Puncture Headache 72. Nerve Injury 73. Epidural Analgesia and Maternal Temperature Regulation 74. Effect of Epidural Analgesia on Progress of Labor Section XI. The Neonate 75. Neonatal Assessment 76. Neonatal Adaptation 77. Neonatal Resuscitation Section XII. Other Topics 78. Surgery During Pregnancy 79. Maternal Mortality 80. Informed Consent PART II. AIRWAY MANAGEMENT 81. Nose 82. Sinuses 83. Mouth and Pharynx 84. Muscles of the Larynx 85. Lung 86. Radiology of Airway: 87. Development of the Airway 88. Pathology of the Pediatric Airway (non-trauma) 89. Pathology of the Adult Airway (non-trauma) 90. Gas Laws 91. Airway Pharmacology 92. Neuroendocrine Response to Intubation 93. Airway Effect of Endotracheal Intubation 94. Difficult Intubation 95. American Society of Anesthesiologists Difficult Airway Algorithm 96. Regional Anesthesia and Potential Difficult Airway 97. Indications for Awake Intubation 98. Preparation for Awake Intubation 99. Contents of a Difficult Airway Cart 100. Topicalization for Awake intubation 101. Aspiration 102. Oxygen Delivery Systems 103. Simple Non-Instrumental Airway Maneuvers 104. Non-Intubation Airway Management 105. Mask Induction 106. Indications for Tracheal Intubation 107. Basic Equipment for Tracheal Intubation 108. Airway Axes and Position for Direct Laryngoscopy 109. Direct Laryngoscopy with a Macintosh Blade 110. Direct Laryngoscopy with a Miller Blade 111. Improving Laryngeal View 112. Nasotracheal Intubation 113. Ensuring Placement of Tracheal Tube in Trachea 114. Proper Tube Placement and Security 115. Indications for Fiberoptic Intubation 116. Anatomy of a Bronchoscope 117. Difficult Airway Cart Contents 118. Orotracheal Fiberoptic Intubation 119. Nasotracheal Intubation 120. Alternate Techniques For Bronchoscopic Intubation 121. Retrograde Wire Intubation 122. Illuminating Stylette/ Lightwand 123. Laryngeal Mask Airway 124. Fiberoptic Intubating Devices 125. Combitube 126. Transtracheal Jet Ventilation via Needle Cricothyroidotomy 127. Percutaneous Cricothyrotomy 128. Adverse Outcomes in Airway Management 129. Airway Surgery 130. Laser Airway Surgery 131. Pediatric Airway 132. Pediatric Airway Anomalies by Anatomic Location 133. Pediatric Difficult Airway 134. High-Risk Extubation 135. Endotracheal Tube Exchange PART III. THORACIC ANESTHESIA 136. Pulmonary Physiology 137. Effect of Anesthesia and Paralysis 138. Preoperative Preparation 139. Lung Isolation 140. Single Lung Ventilation 141. Thoracic Incisions 142. Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy 143. Anesthesia for Mediastinoscopy 144. Resection of Large Mediastinal Tumors 145. Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis 146. Esophageal Surgery 147. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery 148. Lobectomy, Segmentectomy, and Bilobectomy 149. Pneumonectomy 150. Postoperative Complications 151. Chest Trauma 152. Pediatric Thoracic Anesthesia 153. Lung Volume Reduction Surgery 154. Common Perioperative Complications 155. Pain Management after Thoracic Surgery 156. History and Evolution of Thoracic Anesthesia PART IV. CARDIAC ANESTHESIA Section XIII. Normal Cardiac and Mediastinal Anatomy 157. Normal Anatomy of the Mediastinum 158. Normal Anatomy of the Aorta and Coronary Arteries 159. Normal Anatomy of the Pericardium 160. Normal Anatomy of the Right Heart 161. Normal Anatomy of the Left Heart 162. Conducting System of the Heart Section XIV. Cardiovascular Abnormalities: Clinical and Anesthetic Considerations 163. Infective Endocarditis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 164. Infective Endocarditis: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 165. Constrictive Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 166. Constrictive Cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 167. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 168. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 169. Pulmonary Hypertension: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 170. Pulmonary Hypertension: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 171. Mitral Stenosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 172. Mitral Stenosis: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 173. Aortic Stenosis: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 174. Aortic Stenosis: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 175. Aortic Regurgitation: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 176. Aortic Regurgitation: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 177. Type A Aortic Dissection: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 178. Type A Aortic Dissection: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 179. Type B Aortic Dissection: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 180. Type B Aortic Dissection: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations 181. Aortic Transection: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Evaluation 182. Aortic Transection: Therapeutic and Anesthetic Considerations Section XV. Cardiac Emergencies 183. Emergent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery 184. Acute Mitral Regurgitation, Papillary Muscle Rupture, and Flailed Leaflet 185. Pulmonary Embolism 186. Postoperative Hemorrhage 187. Pericardial Tamponade 188. Blunt Trauma: RV contusion 189. Penetrating Trauma 190. Acute Ventricular Septal Defect Section XVI. Perioperative Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities 191. Perioperative Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease and Global Systolic Function 192. Perioperative Assessment of Pulmonary Embolism 193. Perioperative Assessment of Aortic Stenosis 194. Perioperative Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation 195. Perioperative Assessment of Mitral Stenosis 196. Perioperative Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation 197. Perioperative Assessment of Aortic Dissection 198. Perioperative Assessment of Other Cardiac Abnormalities