Albert & Jakobiec's Principles & Practice of Ophthalmology

Section 1 GeneticsEdited by Janey L Wiggs, Ted Dryja 1Fundamentals of Genetics, Ted Dryja 2Molecular mechanisms of inherited diseas, Janey Wiggs 3Genetic testing for ocular disorders, Janey Wiggs 4Principals of genetic counseling, Pamela Hawley, Gretchen Schneider Section 2 ImmunologyEdited by Stephen Foster, Reza Dana 5Immunology - an overview, Reza Dana and C. Stephen Foster 6A Cast of Thousands: the Cells of the Immune System, C. Stephen Foster 7T-Lymphocyte Responses, Reza Dana 8B-Lymphocyte Responses, C. Stephen Foster 9Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury, C. Stephen Foster and Raza Dana 10Regulation of Immune Responses, Reza Dana and C. Stephen Foster Section 3 Microbiology Edited by Michael Gilmore 11Ocular Bacteriology, Christopher N. Ta, R. Wayne Bowman, James P. McCulley 12Chlamydial Disease, Irmgard Behlau 13The Spirochetes, Marlene Durand 14Parasitic and Rickettsial Ocular Infections, Michael Gilmore 15Fungal Infections of the Eye, Wiley A. Schell, Gary N. Foulks, and John R. Perfect 16Ocular Virology, James Chodosh Section 4 Pharmacology and Toxicology Edited by Mark Abelson 17Ocular Pharmacokinetics, Denise Chun, Aron Shapiro, and Mark B. Abelson 18Anesthetics, David Weber, Martin A. Acquadro, Padma Gulur 19Antibacterials, Harold Jensen 20Antivirals, Deborah Langston, Patricia Nuttall 21Antifungal Agents, Eduardo C. Alfonso, Jorge Cantu-Dibildox, Terrence O'Brien, Darlene Miller 22Antiparasitics, Savitri Sharma, Virender S. Sangwan, Nalini A. Madiwale 23Corticosteroids in Ophthalmic Practice, Mark B. Abelson and Salim Butrus 24Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs, King W. To, Mark B. Abelson, Arthur H. Neufeld 25Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers in Allergic Ocular Disease, Andrea Leonardi, Gregg J. Berdy, Mark B. Abelson 26Tear Film and Blink Dynamics, Mark B. Abelson, Marshall G. Doane, George Ousler 27Tear Substitutes, Mark B. Abelson, George Ousler, Russell Anderson 28Viscoelastics, Jack V. Greiner 29Pharmacologic Agents with Osmotic Effects, Gail Torkildsen, Ula Jurkunas, Tolga Kocaturk 30Pharmacologic Treatment of Immune Disorders, C. Stephen Foster 31Angiogenic Factors and Inhibitors, Michael J. Tolentino, Anthony P. Adamis, and Joan W. Miller 32Principles of Toxicology of the Eye, Keith J. Lane, Matthew J. Chapin, Zhou Chen 33Toxicology of Ophthalmic Agents by Class, Millicent L. Palmer, Robert A. Hyndiuk, Mark S. Hughes, Ann Sullivan Baker, Kristine Erickson, Alison Schroeder, James McLaughlin, Keith Lane, Sarkis H. Soukasian, Michael B. Raizman, and Cynthia Mattox Section 5 Principles of EpidemiologyEdited by Frederick Ferris III, Emily Chew 34Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Jie Jin Wang, Tien Y. Wong 35Epidemiology of Age-Related Cataract, Barbara E. K. Klein 36Epidemiology of Glaucoma, Anne L. Coleman, Steven L. Mansberger, M. Roy Wilson 37Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy, Hanna R. Coleman, Donald S. Fong 38Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Johanna Seddon, Lucia Sobrin Section 6 Cornea & Conjunctiva Edited by William Power, Dimitri T Azar 39Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Cornea, Superficial Limbus, and Conjunctiva, Ilene K. Gipson and Nancy C. Joyce 40Corneal Form and Function: clinical perspective, Stephen D. Klyce, Claes H, Dohlman, Carlos E. Martinez 41Ocular Surface Epithelial Stem Cells and Corneal Wound Healing Response to Injury and Infection, Leonard P. K. Ang, Dimitri T. Azar 42Corneal Examination, Topography, Specular and Confocal Microscopy, UBM and OCT, Ula V. Jurkunas, Kathryn Colby 43Corneal Dysgeneses, Dystrophies and Degenerations, Kenneth Kenyon 44Keratoconus and Corneal Non-inflammatory Ectasias, Elizabeth C. Cohen 45Corneal Manifestations of Metabolic Disease, Kristin M. Hammersmith, Christopher J. Rapuano 46Immunologic Disorders of the Conjunctiva, Cornea, and Sclera, C. Stephen Foster 47Allergic and Toxic Reactions: The Immune Response, Mark B. Abelson, Ira J. Udell, Gail Torkildsen 48Lid Inflammations, Audrey S. Chan, Kathryn A. Colby 49Viral Disease of the Cornea and External Eye, Deborah Pavan Langston 50Bacterial, Chlamydial, and Mycobacterial Infections, Francis Mah 51Fungal Keratitis, Dennis O'Day 52Acanthamoeba keratitis, Hassan Alizadeh, Jerry Y. Niederkorn, James P. McCulley 53Insterstitial Keratitis, Elmer Y. Tu 54Recurrent Epithelial Erosion Syndrome, Natalie A. Afshari, Sherman W. Reeves, Roberto Pineda, Kenneth R. Kenyon 55Persistent Epithelial Defect, Matthew A. Dahlgren, Avinder Dhaliwal, Andrew J.W. Huang 56Chemical Injuries of the Eye, Michael D. Wagoner, Samar Al-Swailem, Sabah Al-Jastaneiah, Kenneth R. Kenyon 57Wetting of the Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Disorders, Eva-Marie Chong, Mona Harissi-Dagher, M. Reza Dana 58Tumors of the Cornea and Conjunctiva, Mona H. Dagher, Kathryn Colby 59Lamellar Keratoplasty, John Goosey 60Penetrating Keratoplasty, Leonard P. K. Ang, S. Arthur Boruchoff, Dimitri T. Azar 61Endothelial Keratoplasty, Mark A. Terry 62Complications of Corneal Transplantation and their Management, Paul Denis O'Brien, William Power 63Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy, Dimitri T. Azar, Jose de la Cruz, Robert P. Selkin, Walter J. Stark 64Conjunctival Surgery, Christopher I. Zoumalan, Glenn Cockerham 65Ocular Surface Transplantation, Ivan Schwab, W. Barry Lee 66Amniotic Membrane Surgery, Scheffer C. G. Tseng, Wei Li, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Yasutaka Hayashida, Victoria Casas 67Keratoprosthesis, Bilal F. Khan, Mona Harissi-Dagher, Claes H. Dohlman Section 7 Refractive Surgery Edited by Dimitri T Azar, Jorge Alio 68History, Development and Classification of Refractive Surgical Procedures, Andre Cohen, Roger F. Steinert 69Optical Principles for Refractive Surgery, Pablo Artal 70Corneal Topography and Wavefront Analysis, Damien Gatinel 71Diagnosis and Management of Corneal Irregular Astigmatism, Jorge Alio, Jose I. Belda, Robert Montes-Mico 72Biomechanics and Wound Healing in Refractive Surgery, William Joseph Dupps, Jr., Steven E. Wilson 73Excimer Laser Instrumentation, Theo Seiler, Tobias Koller 74Instrumentation: Mechanical and Laser Microkeratomes, Tae-Im Kim, Faisal M. Tobaigy, Dimitri T. Azar 75LASIK Patient Evaluation and Selection, Vance Thompson 76Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism, Scott D. Barnes 77Correct Diagnosis of Centration, Paolo Vinciguerra 78LASEK and Epi-LASIK, Faisal M. Tobaigy, Dimitri T. Azar 79LASIK for Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism, Jose de la Cruz, Dimitri T. Azar 80Wavefront-guided Excimer Laser Surgery, Maria Regina Chalita, Ronald R. Krueger 81Intraoperative Complications of LASIK, Jorge Alio, Islam M. Hamdi 82Incisional Surgery: Radial and Astigmatic Keratotomy, Audrey Chan, Mona Harissi-Dagher, Roberto Pineda 83Intrastromal Corneal Rings for Myopia, Keratoconus, and Corneal Ectasia, Joseph Colin 84CK for Hyperopia and Presbyopia, Penny Asbell 85Scleral Procedure for Presbyopia, Hee Joon Kim, Guy Kleinmann, Richard W. Yee 86Refractive Surgery for Phakic IOLs, Jorge Alio, Juan J. Perez-Santonja 87Clear Lens Extraction, Jason K. Darlington, Elizabeth A. Davis 88Accommodative and Pseudo-Accommodative Intraocular Lenses, Jorge Alio, Ahmed Galal 89Future Developments, Marguerite B. McDonald Section 8 Uveitis Edited by Robert Nussenblatt 90Introduction to Uveitis, Steven Yeh, Grace A. Levy-Clarke, Robert B. Nussenblatt 91Immunosuppression, Eric B. Suhler, Paul A. Kurz, Lyndell L. Lim, James T. Rosenbaum 92Anterior Uveitis, Phil Murray 93Ocular Manifestations of Sarcoidosis, Grace A. Levy-Clarke, Leorey Saligan 94Intermediate Uveitis, Janet L Davis 95Infectious Causes of Post Uveitis, Alan Friedman 96Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Jennifer Thorne 97Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (Uveomeningitic) Syndrome, Julie H. Tsai, Narsing A. Rao 98Ocular Histoplasmosis, Julie H. Tsai, Ronald Smith 99Sympathetic Ophthalmia, Aude Danan-Husson, Jose-Alain Sahel 100Fuchs' Heterochromic Iridocyclitis, Allan Rutzen, Michael B. Raizman 101Serpiginous Choroiditis, Wee-Kiak Lim, Laurence Shen Lim, Robert B. Nussenblatt 102Intraocular Lymphoproliferations Stimulating Uveitis, Chi-Chao Chan, John A. Gonzales, Frederick A. Jakobiec, Ahmed A. Hidayat 103Choroidal Effusions and Detachments, Nadia K. Waheed, Lucy H. Young Section 9 Lens Edited by Dimitri T Azar, Emmanuel Rosen 104Biology of the Lens: Lens Transparency as a Function of Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology, J. R. Kuszak, John I. Clark, Kim E. Cooper, James L. Rae 105Lens Proteins and Their Molecular Biology, Joram Piatigorsky and J. Fielding Hejtmancik 106Biophysics and Age Changes of the Crystalline Lens, Mike Boulton, Malgorzata Rozanowska, Michael Wride 107Mechanism of Cataract Formation, Lennox Webb 108Subjective Classification and Objective Quantitation of Human Cataract, Leo T. Chylack, Jr. 109History of Cataract Surgery, Rony R. Sayegh, Ramon C. Ghanem, Richard P. Floyd, and Dimitri T. Azar 110Historical Development of Modern Intraocular Lens Surgery, David J. Apple. Gerd U. Auffarth, Miriam Casper 111Pre-operative Preparation of Patients for Cataract and Lens Implant Surgery, Emanuel Rosen 112Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery, David Smerdon, Chris Dodds 113Phacoemulsification -Theory and Practice, Dimitri T. Azar, Shimon Rumelt 114IOL Implantation, Tom Kohnen 115Fluidics, David Allen 116Combined Procedures, Michael J. Greaney 117Pediatric Cataract Surgery, Howard V. Gimbel, Jennifer A. Dunbar 118Extracapsular Cataract Extraction, Takashi Kojima, Mary Gilbert Lawrence, Dimitri T. Azar 119Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation, Dimitri T. Azar, Jose de la Cruz, Liane Clamen, Paul Flikier 120Astigmatism and Cataract Surgery, Ramon C. Ghanem, Dimitri T. Azar 121Complications of IOL Surgery, Bonnie A. Henderson, Roger F. Steinert, David A. Eichenbaum, Jeffrey S. Heier Section 10 Retina and Vitreous Edited by Barbara Blodi 122Functional Anatomy of the Neural Retina, Robert E. Marc 123Visual Acuity, Color Vision, and Adaptation, Maureen Neitz, Daniel G. Green, Jay Neitz 124Objective Assessment of Retinal Function, Michael A. Sandberg 125Muller Cells and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Vamsi K. Gullapalli, Ilene K. Sugino, Marco A. Zarbin 126Retinal and Choroidal Circulations, Constantin J. Pournaras, Guy Donati 127Examination of the Retina: Ophthalmoscopy and Fundus Biomicroscopy, Thomas R. Friberg 128Principles of Fluorescein Angiography, Timothy J. Bennett, David A. Quillen, James D. Strong 129Indocyanine Green Videoangiography, Jordi M Mones 130Optical Coherence Tomography, Michael Altaweel, David L. Johnson 131Retinal Arterial Occlusions, Craig Greven, Wesley Adams 132Retinal Venous Occlusive Disease, Jonathan Gunther, Ingrid Scott, Michael Ip 133Diagnosis, management, and treatment of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Jerry Cavallerano, Manvi Prakash, Lloyd M. Aiello 134Diabetic Macular Edema, Ron Danis 135Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Jennifer K. Sun, Joan W. Miller, Lloyd P. Aiello 136Advanced Retinopathy of Prematurity, Peter Hovland, Shizuo Mukai, Tatsuo Hirose 137Eales' DiseaseMarissa L. Albano, Robert P. Murphy 138Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms, Diana V. Do, Quan Dong Nguyen, Julia Haller 139Coats' Disease and Retinal Telangiectasia, Mark W. Johnson 140Neuroretinitis, Valerie Purvin 141Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy, Shizuo Mukai, Christopher M. Andreoli 142Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Catherine B. Meyerle, Richard F. Spaide 143Genetics of AMD, Margaret M. DeAngelis, Fei Ji 144Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Drusen and Geographic Atrophy, Susan B. Bressler, Diana V. Do, Neil M. Bressler 145Foods and Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Julie Mares 146Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Choroidal Neovascularization, Neil M. Bressler, Susan B. Bressler, Evangelos S. Gragoudas 147Photodynamic Therapy, Deeba Husain, Evangelos S. Gragoudas, Joan W. Miller 148Anti-VEGF Therapy and Other Pharmacologic Treatments, Ivana Kim 149Surgical Treatments of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Sunil K. Srivistava, Cynthia A. Toth 150Acute Idiopathic Maculopathy, K. Bailey Freund, Catherine B. Meyerle, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi 151Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, Chiara M. Eandi, Christina M. Klais, K. Bailey Freund, Lawrence A. Yannuzzi 152Angioid Streaks, Eric Chen, Allen C. Ho, David R. Guyer 153Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome, Nancy Holekamp 154Pathologic Myopia, Adrienne J. Scott, Sharon Fekrat 155Idiopathic Macular Holes, Justin Gottlieb 156Choroidal and Retinal Folds, Thomas R. Friberg, Jenny Y. Yu 157Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and Serpiginous Choroiditis, Strutha C. Rouse II, Lee M Jampol 158Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome, Howard F. Fine, Antonio P. Ciardella, John A. Sorenson 159Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy, Alan C. Bird 160Macular Epiretinal Membrane, Darin R. Haivala, David W. Parke II 161Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy, Lucy H. Y. Young 162Toxoplasmosis, Neal P. Barney, Timothy J. Daley, C. Stephen Foster 163Retinal Manifestations of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment, Michelle Tarver-Carr, James P. Dunn 164Acute Retinal Necrosis, Janet L. Davis, Gregory M. Fox, Mark S. Blumenkranz 165Ocular Syphilis, C. Stephen Foster, Richard R. Tamesis 166Subretinal Fibrosis and Uveitis Syndrome (Multifocal Choroiditis and Panuveitis), Tina A. Scheufele, Jay S. Duker, David R. Guyer, Evangelos S. Gragoudas 167Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinopathy, J. Michael Jumper, H. Richard McDonald, Robert N. Johnson, Arthur D. Fu, Everett Ai 168Frosted Branch Angiitis, George N. Papaliodis, Carol M. Lee, Henry J. Kaplan 169Retinal Manifestations of Rheumatologic Diseases, Amitabh K. Bharadwaj, Carl D. Regillo, and E. Mitchel Opremcak 170Retinopathy Associated with Blood Anomalies, John I. Loewenstein, Demetrios Vavvas 171Posterior Segment Sarcoidosis, Anita Prasad, Daniel Wee, Russell N. Van Gelder 172Sickle-Cell Retinopathy, Fina C. Barouch, George K. Asdourian, John I. Loewenstein 173Traumatic Retinopathy, Melvin D. Rabena, Dante J. Pieramici, Mark W. Balles 174Photic Retinopathy, Martin A. Mainster, Michael E. Boulton 175Radiation Retinopathy, Sayjal Jitendra Patel, Andrew P. Schachat 176Retinal Toxicity of Systemic Medications, David Callanan, Patrick D. Williams 177Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Diseases, Eliot L. Berson 178Hereditary Cone Dysfunction Syndromes, Pelin Atmaca-Sonmez, Naheed W. Khan, John R. Heckenlively 179Heredofamilial Macular Degenerations, Tina A. Scheufele, Elias Reichel, Michael A. Sandberg 180Lattice Degeneration, Cystic Retinal Tufts, Asymptomatic Retinal Breaks, and Additional Selected Peripheral Retinal Findings, C. P. Wilkinson 181Retinoschisis, Barbara Blodi, Tatsuo Hirose 182Retinal Detachment, Jennifer K. Sun, Lucy H. Y. Young 183Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, Dennis P. Han, John S. Lean 184Postoperative Endophthalmitis, Periklis Brazitikos 185Giant Retinal Tears, Donald J. D'Amico 186Management of Retained Lens Fragments and Dislocated Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses, William E. Smiddy 187Intraocular Foreign Bodies, ThucAnh T. Ho, Mathew W MacCumber 188Diseases of the Vitreous, Tina Rutar, Martin H. Reinke, Donald J. D'Amico, Robert B. Bhisitkul 189Heredofamilial Vitreoretinopathies, Jon P. Gieser, Norman P. Blair Section 11 Glaucoma Edited by Albert Alm, Cyndy Grosskreutz 190Aqueous Humor and the Dynamics of Its Flow: Formation of Aqueous Humor, Marvin L. Sears 191Aqueous Humor and the Dynamics of Its Flow: Mechanisms and Routes of Aqueous Humor Drainage, Thomas F. Freddo, Mortimer Civan, Haiyan Gong 192Cellular Mechanisms in the Trabecular Meshwork Affecting the Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathway, Beatrice Y. J. T. Yue 193Genetics of Glaucoma, Janey L. Wiggs 194Clinical Evaluation of the Glaucoma Patient, David Dueker, Ibrahim Al Jadaan 195Tonometry and Tonography, John A. McDermott 196Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss, Lesya M. Shuba, Young H. Kwon 197Optic Nerve Head and Nerve Fiber Layer Imaging, Malik Y. Kahook, Robert J. Noecker, Gadi Wollstein, Joel S. Schuman 198Primary Congenital Glaucoma, Sharon F. Freedman 199Juvenile Onset Open Angle Glaucoma, Mordechai Goldenfeld, Shlomo Melamed 200Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, Karen M. Joos, Rachel W. Kuchtey 201Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma, Jacob T. Wilensky, Brian J. Jacobs 202Combined Mechanism Glaucoma, Thad A. Labbe, Kathleen A. Lamping 203The Exfoliation Syndrome: A Continuing Challenge, Douglas H. Johnson, Arthur Sit 204Pigment Dispersion Syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma, Thomas D. Patrianakos, Louis R. Pasquale 205Inflammatory Glaucoma, Yen Hoong Ooi, Douglas J. Rhee 206Glaucoma Associated With Ocular Trauma, David P. Tingey and Bradford J. Shingleton 207Lens-Associated Glaucomas, Joshua Gould, Cynthia Mattox 208Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome, M. Bruce Shields 209Ocular Tumors and Glaucoma, Melissa G. Tong, Randall R. Ozment, Teresa C. Chen 210Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma, Claudia A. Arrigg 211Glaucoma Associated With Increased Episcleral Venous Pressure, Sonal Desai Wadhwa, Eve Juliet Higginbotham 212Glaucoma Secondary to Anterior Segment Surgery, John F. Salmon 213Neovascular Glaucoma, James T. Tsai, Martin Wand, 214Nanophthalmos: Guidelines for Diagnosis and Therapy, Chandrasekharan Krishnan, Tom C. Hsu, Omah S. Singh 215Penetrating Keratoplasty and Glaucoma, Joshua D. Stein, Peter J. McDonnell, Paul P. Lee 216Glaucoma Associated With Disorders of the Retina, Vitreous, and Choroid, Elliott Kanner, Peter A Netland 217Medical Management of Glaucoma, Louis B. Cantor, Darrell WuDunn, Steve Gerber, Yara Catoira, and Robert C. Allen 218Laser Trabeculoplasty for Open-Angle Glaucoma, Claudia U. Richter 219Laser and Surgery Treatment of Angle-Closure Glaucoma, M. Roy Wilson, Mark Gallardo 220Glaucoma Filtration Surgery; Indications, Techniques and Complications, Peng Khaw, Mark Chiang, Peter Shaw 221Non-penetrating Glaucoma Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Complications, and ResultsEfstratios Mendrinos, Tarek Shaarawy 222Management of Glaucoma and Cataract, Franz Grehn and Thomas Klink 223Glaucoma Drainage Implants, Steven J. Gedde, Donald L. Budenz 224Cycloablation, Joel S. Schuman Section 12 Oculoplastics Edited by John Woog, Peter Rubin, and George Bartley 225Orbital Anatomy, Marlon Maus 226Introduction to Orbital Diseases, Jonathan Dutton 227Approach to Orbital Surgery, Igal Leibovitch, Robert Goldberg 228Cystic Lesions of the Orbit, Gary Borodic, Paul Caruso 229Pathophysiology of Graves' Orbitopathy, Terry J. Smith 230Management of Graves' Ophthalmopathy, Elizabeth Bradley 231Non-infectious Orbital Inflammatory Disorders, James A. Garrity, Neal G. Snebold 232Infectious Processes of the Orbit, David H. Verity, Geoffrey E Rose 233Epithelial Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland, David T. Tse, Jennifer I. Hui 234Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland and Sac, Francis Sutula 235Vascular Anomalies of the Eyelid and Orbit, Aaron Fay, I. Rand Rodgers 236Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Orbit, Alon Kahana , Leonard A. Levin 237Orbital and Ocular Adnexal Lymphoid Tumors, Peter A. D. Rubin, Charles J. Kent, Frederick A. Jakobiec 238Other Lymphocytic Disease Processes, Calliope E. Allen, Charles J. Kent, Peter A. D. Rubin, Frederick A. Jakobiec 239Metastatic and Secondary Tumors of the Orbit, Guy J Ben Simon, Nicholas Volpe, Daniel Albert 240Miscellaneous Rare Tumors and Disorders Involving the Orbit, Peter A. Netland 241Benign Histiocytic Orbital Disorders, David H Verity, George Meligonis, Geoffrey E Rose 242Mesenchymal, Fibroosseous, and Cartilaginous Orbital Tumors, Katherine A. Lane, Jurij R. Bilyk, Frederick A. Jakobiec 243Eyelid, Eyebrow, Midfacial and Lacrimal Anatomy, Vivian Schiedler, Kristen J. Tarbet, Bradley N.. Lemke 244Congenital Eyelid Anomalies, William R. Katowitz, M. Ronan Conlon, Francis C. Sutula, and James A. Katowitz 245Eyelid Infections, D.J. John Park, John J. Woog, A. Tyrone Glover 246Benign Epithelial Tumors, Craig E. Geist and Maryam Zamani 247Periocular Dermatology, Bonnie Mackool 248Mohs' Surgery for Eyelid Malignancies, Lara Kelley 249Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid, Timothy J. Sullivan 250Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Eyelid, Timothy J. Sullivan 251Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms, C. Robert Bernardino 252Eyelid and Periorbital Reconstruction, Steve R. Klapper, James Patrinely 253Eyelid Tumors of Apocrine, Eccrine, and Pilar Origins, I. Rand Rodgers, Frederick A. Jakobiec, Ahmed A. Hidayat 254Pigmented Eyelid Lesions, Bita Esmaeli 255Unusual Eyelid Tumors, David Mills, Dale Meyer, Joseph W. Sassani, Ahmed A. Hidayat, and Frederick A. Jakobiec 256Upper Eyelid Malpositions: Congenital Ptosis, Jemshed A. Khan, George Bartley 257Acquired PtosisDavid B. Lyon, Jemshed Khan 258Upper Eyelid Malpositions: Retraction and Entropion, John J. Woog, Jemshed Khan 259Lower Eyelid Malpositions, Gregory Griepentrog, William White, John J. Woog 260Disorders of the Eyelashes and Eyebrows, Shimon Rumelt, Peter R. R Rubin 261Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm, Elizabeth Bradley 262Upper Blepharoplasty, Jonathan C. Lowry 263Lower Blepharoplasty and Midface Elevation Surgery, David E.E. Holck, Jill A. Foster, Kevin Kalwerisky 264CO2 Laser Skin Resurfacing, cosmetic Botulinum toxin, and facial fillers, Jemshed A. Khan 265Evaluation of the Tearing Patient, Mark P. Hatton, Peter A.D. Rubin 266Lacrimal Surgery, R. Patrick Yeatts, Adam G. de la Garza 267Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration, Michael Migliori 268Assessment and Management of the Eyebrow, Asa Morton Section 13 Ophthalmic Pathology Edited by Nasreen Syed and Debra Shetlar 269Principles of Pathology, Nasreen A. Syed, Daniel Albert, Steven McCormick 270Conjunctival and Corneal Pathology, Kelly Keefe, Tatyana Milman 271Pathology of the Uveal Tract, Isabelle Audo, M. Andrew Parsons and Jose A. Sahel 272Pathology of the Lens, Douglas Cameron 273Pathology of the Retina and Vitreous, David Wilson, Nicholas Hogan 274Pathology of Glaucoma, Deepak Edward 275Pathology of the Lids, Debra Shetlar, Maria A Saornil, Ramsay S. Kurban, Christopher T. Westfall, and Martin C Mihm, Jr. 276Orbital Pathology, Diva R. Salomao, Anja C. Roden 277Pathology of the Optic Nerve, Patricia Chevez-Barrios, Hidehiro Takei Section 14 Neuro-ophthalmology Edited by Leonard A Levin, Simmons Lessell 278Clinical Examination, Simmons Lessell, Jonathan W. Kim 279Examination of the Visual Field, Jason J. S. Barton, Briar Sexton 280Neuro-Ophthalmologic Disease of the Retina, Joseph F. Rizzo III 281Optic Atrophy and Papilledema, Alfredo A. Sadun 282Optic Neuritis, Michael Lee 283Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Howard Pomeranz 284Tumors of the Anterior Visual Pathways, Robert Egan 285Hereditary Optic Neuropathies, Valerie Biousse, Nancy J. Newman 286Infectious, Inflammatory, Toxic, and Other Optic Neuropathies, Helen V. Danesh-Meyer 287Chiasmal Disorders, Misha Pless 288Retrochiasmal Disorders, Thomas R. Hedges III 289Neurovascular Neuroophthalmology, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Nicholas J. Volpe, Grant T. Liu, Steven L. Galetta 290Primary Headache Disorders with Ophthalmic Features, Deborah Friedman 291Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri), James J. Corbett 292Nonorganic Visual Disorders, Swaraj Bose 293The Pupils and Accommodation, Randy Kardon 294Diseases of the Ocular Muscles, Mark S. Borchert 295Myasthenia, Steve Hamilton 296Third-, Fourth-, and Sixth-Nerve Lesions and the Cavernous Sinus, Nancy J. Newman 297Central Eye Movement Disorders, G. Michael Halmagyi and Matthew J. Thurtell Section 15 Pediatric Ophthalmology Edited by David Hunter, Monte Mills 298The Pediatric Eye Examination, Craig A. McKeown, Stefanie Davidson 299Refractive errors in childhood, Arlene Drack 300Amblyopia, Carolyn S. Wu, Anne B. Fulton 301Infections of the eye and adnexa in children, Scott M. Goldstein, James A. Katowitz 302Congenital and Developmental Abnormalities of the Eye, Orbit, and Ocular Adnexa, Femida Kherani, Richard M. Robb 303Pediatric Ptosis, William R. Katowitz, Katrinka L Heher, James A. Katowitz 304Lacrimal system abnormalities, Richard M. Robb 305Pediatric glaucoma, David S. Walton, Karina Nagao 306Congenital and childhood cataracts, Deborah K. VanderVeen 307Visual Impairment in Infants and Young Children, Anne B. Fulton, Anne Moskowitz, Susan E. Eklund, Ronald M. Hansen 308Retinal lesions presenting in childhood, Scott M. Warden, Shizuo Mukai 309Retinopathy of prematurity, Graham Quinn 310Ocular trauma in infancy and childhood, Brian Forbes, Scott M. Goldstein 311Congenital optic nerve anomalies, Cameron Parsa 312Nystagmus and Nystagmoid Eye Movements, Grant Liu, Madhura Tamhankar 313Learning disorders and vision therapy, Jean Shein, Cintia F. Gomi, David B. Granet 314Clinical evaluation of strabismus, Yomina Ron, Melanie Kazlas 315Genetics of strabismus, Irina Serbanescu, Elizabeth C. Engle 316Imaging and strabismus, Joseph L. Demer 317Comitant strabismus, David Sami 318Complex or incomitant strabismus, Linda R. Dagi 319Treatment of diplopia and strabismus, Angela N. Buffenn Section 16 The Eye and Systemic Disease Edited by David Quillen 320Hypertension and Its Ocular Manifestations, Stella K. Kim, William F. Mieler, Frederick Jakobiec 321Diabetes Mellitus, William Hsu, Lloyd M. Aiello 322Childhood Arthritis and Anterior Uveitis, C. Stephen Foster, Sumru Onal, Joan M. O'Brien 323Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis, M. Reza Dana, Eva-Marie Chong, C. Stephen Foster 324Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Lucia Sobrin, C. Stephen Foster 325Giant Cell Arteritis, William A. Cantore 326Wegener's Granulomatosis, C. Stephen Foster, Jean Yang 327Scleroderma, M. Reza Dana, Eva-Marie Chong, C. Stephen Foster 328Adamantiades-Behcet's Disease, C. Stephen Foster, Dino D. Klisovic 329Systemic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis, Eva Christina Kim, C. Stephen Foster 330Osseous and Musculoskeletal Disorders, Brian J. Forbes, Eric A. Pierce 331Amyloidosis and the Eye, Jeffrey C. Lamkin, Frederick A. Jakobiec 332Gastrointestinal and Nutritional Disorders, Anil Rustgi, Matthew Camp, Sherman M. Chamberlain, Dennis M. Marcus 333Oculorenal Syndromes, Ekaterini C. Karatza, Andrea P. Da Mata, Scott E. Burk 334Ophthalmic Manifestations of Some Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders, Charles J. Kent 335Nutritional Blindness, Richard D. Semba 336Pregnancy and the Eye, Sherman W Reeves, Elizabeth A. Davis, M. Reza Dana 337The Eye in Aging, R. Nick Hogan 338Systemic Bacterial Infections and the Eye, Marlene L. Durand 339Mycobacterial Diseases: Tuberculosis and Leprosy, Michele Trucksis 340Systemic Viral Infections and the Eye, R. Paul Johnson 341AIDS and Its Ophthalmic Manifestations, W. Wynn McMullen, Donald J. D'Amico 342Fungal Infections and the Eye, Irmgard Behlau 343Systemic Parasitic Infections and the Eye, Edward T. Ryan, Marlene Durand 344Spirochetal Infections and the Eye, Scott M. Whitcup 345Chlamydial Disease, Robin K. Avery, Ann Sullivan Baker (deceased) 346Hematologic Disorders, Gregory P. Van Stavern 347Graft v. Host Disease, Stella K. Kim, Rosa Y. Kim, Reza Dana 348Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitidies, Craig Lewis, Victor L. Perez Section 17 Ocular Oncology Edited by Joan O'Brien, Evangelos S. Gragoudas 349Pigmented Tumors of the Iris, Dennis M. Marcus, McGregor N. Lott, Frederick A. Jakobiec, Daniel M. Albert 350Diagnosis of Choroidal Melanoma, Shizuo Mukai, Martin H. Reinke, Evangelos S. Gragoudas 351Charged Particle Irradiation of Uveal Melanoma, Evangelos S Gragoudas, Anne Marie Lane, J. Michael Collier 352Brachytherapy of Melanomas, Amy C. Schefler, Timothy G. Murray, Jennifer I. Hui 353Surgical Resection of Melanoma, Bertil Damato, Carl Groenewald 354Enucleation for Uveal Melanomas, Jerry A. Shields, Carol L. Shields, Brian P. Marr 355Genetics iof Uveal Melanoma, Arun D. Singh, Karen Sisley, Werner Wackernagel 356Melanocytoma, Leonidas Zografos 357Choroidal Metastatsis, Bradley S. Foster, Evangelos S. Gragoudas 358Leukemias, Diane Do, A Schachat 359Intraocular Lymphoma, J. William Harbour, Leonard Feiner 360Choroidal Nevus, J. William Harbour, Jason Wickens 361Tumors of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Lucy H. Y. Young, Daniel M. Albert 362Choroidal Hemangioma, P. Chan, I. Kim, Evangelos S. Gragoudas 363Choroidal Osteoma, C. Shields 364Tumor Involvement of the Vitreous, H. Culver Boldt, Timothy G. Murray 365Ophthalmological Manifestations of Systemic Neoplasia and Its Treatment, Susan M. Pepin, Joseph F. Rizzo 366Phakomatoses, Elias I. Traboulsi, Arun D. Singh 367Assessment of Risk for Hereditary Retinoblastoma, Thaddeus P. Dryja, Abigail K. Alt 368Second Primary Neoplasms in Retinoblastoma: Effect of Gene and Environment, Amy C. Schefler, David H Abramson, Laryssa A. Huryn 369Staging and Grouping of Retinoblastoma, A. Linn Murphree 370Current Management of Retinoblastoma, Julie A. Chen, Joan M O'Brien 371Genetic Progression from Retina to Retinoblastoma, Mellone Marchong, Brenda L Gallie Section 18 Trauma Edited by William F Mieler, Seenu Hariprasad 372Overview of Ocular Trauma, William F. Mieler 373Evaluation and Initial Management of Patients With Ocular and Adnexal Trauma, Fina Barouch and Kathryn A. Colby 374Anterior Segment Trauma, Bruce M. Zagelbaum, Peter S. Hersh, Bradford J. Shingleton, and Kenneth R. Kenyon 375Penetrating Posterior Segment Trauma, J. Paul Dieckert 376Nonpenetrating Posterior Segment Trauma, J. Paul Dieckert 377Intraocular Foreign Bodies, Craig Augustus Lemley, William J. Wirostko, William F. Mieler, Cathleen M. McCabe, and J. Paul Dieckert 378Sports Injuries, Michael Rubin, Terry J. Alexandrou, Paul F. Vinger, William F. Mieler 379Epidemiology and Prevention of Ocular Trauma, Seenu M. Hariprasad, Luigi Borrillo, and William F. Mieler 380Neuroophthalmologic Manifestations of Trauma, Samantha Chai and Rod Foroozan 381Penetrating Eyelid and Orbital Trauma, Neha Patel, Peter A. D. Rubin, John W. Shore 382Structural Injuries of the Orbit, Sheri DeMartelaere and John W. Shore 383Late Management of Orbital Deformities, Sheri DeMartelaere and John W. Shore 384Managing the Child With an Ocular or Orbital InjuryMark S. Ruttum Section 19 Optics Edited by Dimitri T Azar, David Hunter 385Physical Optics for Clinicians, David Miller, Neal Atabara 386Geometrical Optics, Dimitri T. Azar, Leon Strauss 387Optics of the Eye, Dimitri T. Azar, Leon Strauss 388Objective Determination of Refractive Error, Leon Strauss, Dimitri T. Azar 389Optical Instruments, Leon Strauss 390Prescription of Spectacles, Leon Strauss, Dimitri T. Azar 391Prescribing Prisms, David G. Hunter, Corey B. Westerfeld 392Contact Lens, Perry Rosenthal 393Optics of Intraocular Lenses, Azar, Albert Wong Section 20 Low Vision Edited by Robert Massof 394Low Vision, Vision Disability, and Blindness, David Friedman 395Visual System Disorders and Low Vision Rehabilitation, Janet Sunness 396Quantifying Vision Disability, Robert W. Massof 397Psychiatric and Psychosocial Factors in Low Vision Rehabilitation, Robin Casten, Barry Rovner 398Rehabilitation Medicine Model for Low Vision Rehabilitation, Lylas Mogk 399Evaluation and Management of the Low Vision Patient, Lori Grover 400Central Scotomas and the Preferred Retinal Locus, Donald Fletcher 401Driving with Low Vision: who, where, when, and why, Eli Peli 402Computer Technology Assistance for the Low Vision Patient, Robert McGillivray 403The Role of the Ophthalmologist in Low Vision Rehabilitation: Help When There Is No Cure, Joel A. Kraut (Deceased) Section 21 Ethics and Professionalism Edited by Kathryn Colby, Nancy Holekamp 404Professionalism in Medicine, Samuel Packer 405The Ethical Ophthalmologist, George Spaeth 406Teaching Professionalism and Ethics, Andrew Lee 407Ethical Issues in Clinical Practice Informed Consent, Nancy M. Holekamp; Learning Surgery - an Ethical Perspective, Charles M Zacks; Ophthalmic Co-managementJonathan H. Talamo; Ethics in Marketing a Medical Practice, Christie Morse; Commercial Relationships, Samuel Packer; Expert Witness Testimony, Tamara Fountain; Complementary and Alternative Therapy, Nancy Holekamp; Ethics and Professionalism On-Line: The Internet, E-Mail and Ethical Practice, Charles M. Zacks 408Ethical Issues in Clinical Research, Kathryn Colby 409The American Academy of Ophthalmology Code of Ethics, Nancy M. Holekamp 410Source Documents of Medical Ethics, ravinder Dennis Bhui, Kathryn Colby Index