Androgen Excess Disorders in Women

A Brief History of Androgen Excess.- Physiology of Androgens.- Ovarian and Adrenal Androgen Biosynthesis and Metabolism.- Androgens Throughout the Life of Women.- Physiological Effects of Androgens in Women.- Androgen Measurements.- Uncommon Causes of Androgen Excess.- Androgen-Secreting Adrenal and Ovarian Neoplasms.- Cushing’s Syndrome, Acromegaly, and Androgen Excess.- The Nonclassic Adrenal Hyperplasias.- Pregnancy-Related Androgen Excess.- Drug-Induced Hyperandrogenism.- Severe Insulin-Resistance Hyperandrogenic Syndromes.- Idiopathic Hirsutism.- The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Definition and Epidemiology of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Clinical Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Biochemical Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Ovarian Histology, Morphology, and Ultrasonography in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadotropic Dysfunction in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Ovarian Steroidogenic Abnormalities in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Dysfunction in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- The Genetic Basis of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Pediatric Hyperandrogenism and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescence.- Environmental Factors in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Animal Models and Fetal Programming of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinism in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- The Endocrine Impact of Obesity and Body Habitus in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Menstrual Dysfunction and Endometrial Neoplasia in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Androgen Excess Disorders.- ?-Cell Dysfunction, Glucose Intolerance, and Diabetes in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Hypertensionand Cardiovascular and Lipoprotein Abnormalities in the Polycystic Ovary Snydrome.- Reproductive and Obstetrical Consequences of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Psychosocial and Quality-of-Life Consequences of Androgen Excess and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Overview of Long-Term Morbidity and Economic Cost of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Evaluation and Treatment of Androgen Excess.- Clinical and Hormonal Evaluation of Androgen Excess.- Ovarian Suppression and Treatment of Hirsutism.- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovulation Induction.- In Vitro Fertilization for the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Surgical Management of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Use of Insulin Sensitizers in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.- Weight Reduction and Lifestyle Modifiction in the Treatment of Androgen Excess.