ICRP Publication 99

ABSTRACT GUEST EDITORIAL PREFACE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION Introduction Inferences based on acute doses in the moderate-to-high dose range Estimation of risk at low doses and low dose rates Thresholds vs. the linear, no-threshold theory Conclusion: Implications for low-dose cancer risk LOW-DOSE RISK BIOLOGY Introduction Damage caused by radiation Damage Response Pathways Fidelity of DSB repair Impact of defects in DNA repair, checkpoint control and apoptosis Conclusions CELLULAR CONSEQUENCES OF RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE Radiation- induced Chromosome Aberrations Radiation-Induced Somatic Cell Mutations Adaptive Response, Genomic Instability and Bystander Effect Conclusions: Implications for Risk Assessment CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Mechanisms of radiation-induced cancer Tissue Modifying Factors Radiation-induced Cancer in Animals Life Shortening Summary Conclusions: Implications for radiation-related cancer at low doses QUANTITATIVE UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS Overview Sources of uncertainty Allowing for the uncertain possibility of a threshold Conclusions CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES