Pearson Heart and Lung Sounds

I.    Introduction

A.     Overview

        1.    How to listen to the sounds

        2.    Audience

B.    Heart Anatomy and Auscultatory Sites

        1.        Heart Anatomy

                    a.    The Heart in Systole

                    b.    The Heart in Diastole

        2.        Auscultatory Sites

C.    Murmur Mechanism Guide

        1.        Murmur Production Mechanism Guide

D.    Lung Anatomy and Auscultatory Sites

        1.     Lung Anatomy

                    a.    Anterior View

                    b.    Posterior View

                    c.    Right Lateral View

                    d.    Left Lateral View

E.          Physical Assessment

        1.    Physical Assessment of the Respiratory System of the Client with Respiratory Disease

        2.    Percussion

                    a.    Normal Resonance

                    b.    Hyperresonance

                    c.    Decreased Resonance

                    d.    Percussion Sites

        3.    Auscultation

F.        Glossary

G.        System Requirements

H.        Authors

II.                   Common Heart Sounds

 

            A.        S1 and S2 Sounds

            B.        S3 and S4 Sounds

            C.        Irregular Heart Rate

            D.        S2 Splitting

                    1.    Paradoxical Splitting of the second heart sound

            E.        S1 Splitting

         F.        Heart Murmurs

         G.        Murmur Timing

         H.        Murmur Location and Radiation

         I.         Murmur Grade

                    1.    Systolic Murmur Grade 1

                    2.    Systolic Murmur Grade 2

                    3.    Systolic Murmur Grade 3

                    4.    Systolic Murmur Grade 6

            J.        Murmur Shape

                    1.    Crescendo/Decrescendo

                    2.    Holosystolic

                    3.    Decrescendo

            K.        Systolic Murmur Timing

            L.        Systolic Murmur Pitch

            M.       Diastolic Murmur Timing

            N.        Quiz

 

III.                 Common Lung Sounds

 

          

            A.         Normal Breathing Sounds

            B.         Adventitious Sounds

            C.         Sound Visualization

            D.         Bronchial Sounds

            E.          Vesicular Sounds

            F.          Fine Crackles

            G.         Coarse Crackles

            H.         Fine Crackles vs. Coarse Crackles

            I.           Wheezes

            J.           Squawks

            K.         Rhonchi

            L.          Wheezes vs. Rhonchi

            M.       Pleural Rub

            N.         Stridor

            O.         Approach to the Patient

                    1.          How and Where to Listen

 

 

IV.                 Lung Sound Patterns

 

            A.         Normal

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            B.         Asthma

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            C.         Heart Failure

                    1.          CHF-Description

                    2.          CHF-Patterns

                    3.          CHF-Wheeze Rate

                    4.          CHF-Crackle Rate

            D.         Pneumonia

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            E.          Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema (COPD)

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            F.          Bronchiectasis 

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            G.         Interstitial Fibrosis

                    1.          Chronic Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease-Description

                    2.          IPF-Patterns

                    3.          IPF-Wheeze Rate

                    4.          IPF-Crackle Rate

            H.         Tuberculosis

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            I.           Pneumothorax 

                    1.          Description

                    2.          Patterns

                    3.          Wheeze Rate

                    4.          Crackle Rate

            J.           Scientific Studies

                    1.          Objective Lung Sound Analysis Techniques

            K.         Quiz