The Science of Beach Lifeguarding

Edited by: Mike Tipton, professor, Human & Applied Physiology, Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, UK. Educated at the Universities of Keele and London, professor Tipton joined the University of Surrey in 1986. After 12 years at the Robens Institute and European Institute of Health and Medical Science he moved to the University of Portsmouth in 1998. In addition to his university positions, professor Tipton was based at the Institute of Naval Medicine (INM) from 1983 to 2004 and was Consultant Head of the Environmental Medicine Division of the INM from 1996. He has spent over 30 years researching and advising the military, industry and elite sports people in the areas of thermoregulation, environmental and occupational physiology and survival in the sea. He has published 500 scientific papers, reports, chapters and books in these areas. Professor Tipton was a consultant in survival and thermal medicine to the Royal Air Force and UKSport. He sits on the Royal National Lifeboat Institution’s Medical & Survival Committee, and the Ectodermal Dysplasia Society’s medical advisory board. In 2004, professor Tipton was made an Honorary Life Member of the International Association for Safety & Survival Training in recognition of his work in sea survival. He chaired UKSport’s Research Advisory Group and now sits on the English Institute of Sports’ Technical Advisory Group. Professor Tipton chairs the Energy Institute’s Health Technical Committee; he is a Trustee of Surf Lifesaving GB and Senior Editor of the journal "Extreme Physiology and Medicine." Professor Tipton is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine, he provides advice to a range of universities, government departments, industries, medical, search and rescue and media organisations. Adam Wooler, director, Rescue Marine Services Ltd; former head of Lifeguarding, Royal National Lifeboat Institution, UK; and chief executive, Surf Life Saving Great Britain, UK. Adam has considerable experience and expertise in lifeguarding, having instigated the establishment of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution’s Lifeguard service, as well as a background in academic research. He earned an MPhil from the University of Plymouth, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge University and Atlantic Geoscience Centre, Nova Scotia Canada. Following the award of a Rotary Scholarship to New Zealand and the Antarctic, Adam completed extensive research at the Universities of Wellington in New Zeland and Perth, Western Australia before returning to become the chief executive of Surf Life Saving GB. After a move to the RNLI in 2000, Adam instigated a partnership with the Universities of Portsmouth and Plymouth to conduct ground-breaking research into the field of beach lifeguarding. Following a further three-year secondment as CEO of Surf Life Saving GB, Adam returned to the RNLI as Head of Coastal Safety & Research establishing the Operations Research Unit. Although Adam left the RNLI in 2012 he continues to act as an external supervisor for PhD students at the University of Plymouth and has co-authored several papers on lifeguard-related research.

Context, History of Beach Lifeguarding, Lifeguard Effectiveness, Data, Risk Analysis and Evaluation, Modern Day Beach Lifeguarding Practice, Physical Environment, Beach Hazard Identification, Rip Currents, Beach Risk Assessment, Risk Assessment in Practice, Human Environment, Drowning, Cold Water Immersion, Human Environment: Implications for Practice, Lifeguarding, Recognition, Vigilance and Surveillance Techniques, Lifeguard Swimming Performance in Surf, Resuscitation Techniques for Lifeguards, Beach Lifeguard First Aid, Effectiveness of Beach Lifesaving Techniques, Effectiveness of Beach Lifesaving Equipment, Technological Advantages in Beach Safety and Lifeguarding, Lifeguarding Practice: Recent Advances, Lifeguard Standards, Injuries and Risks whilst Lifeguarding, Medical Standards, Eyesight Standards, Occupational Fitness and Strength Standards, The importance and Implications of Lifeguard standards, Safety Education, A Behavioural Approach to Safety Education, Beach Safety Prevention Strategies, Effectiveness of Beach Safety Educational Programmes, Safety Education in Practice