A Public Health Guide to Ending the Opioid Epidemic

JAY C. BUTLER, MD, is former Commissioner and Chief Medical Officer of the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. During his tenure, he served as incident commander of Governor Bill Walker's Opioid Crisis Response Cabinet. He is a graduate of the University of North Carolina Medical School, has completed post-doctoral clinical trainings at Vanderbilt and Emory Universities, and maintains board certifications in infectious diseases, internal medical, and pediatrics. He was the 2017 President of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and is the recipient of the 2018 National American Society of Addiction Medicine's Public Policy Award. In 2019, he became Deputy Director for Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MICHAEL R. FRASER, PhD, MS, CAE, FCPP, is Chief Executive Officer of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), the national nonprofit organization representing state and territorial leaders of public health agencies of the United States well as the more than 100,000 public health professionals these agencies employ. He has featured in interviews with the Washington Post, New York Times, Politico, and other national and regional media outlets. He is an affiliated faculty at the George Mason University College of Health and Human Services and a Professorial Lecturer in Health Policy and Management at the Milken Institute School of Public Health at George Washington University. His collaborative research and scholarship have published in several academic journals including the American Journal of Public Health and the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice.

Acknowledgements

Forewords
i. Foreword: A Recovery Journey
Greg Williams

ii. Foreword: Countering the Opioid Epidemic
Meena Vythilingam, Kumiko Lippold, and Brett Giroir
Text Box ii.1: Ten Evidence Based Strategies for Preventing Opioid Overdose

Part I: Fundamentals and Frameworks

Chapter 1
Introduction: Why a Public Health Guide to Ending the Opioid Crisis?
Michael Fraser and Jay Butler

Chapter 2
The Emergence of an Epidemic
Elizabeth M. Finkelman and J. Michael McGinnis

Chapter 3
Public Health Approaches to Preventing Substance Misuse and Addiction
Jay Butler

Chapter 4
Public Health Approaches to Overdose Prevention and Harm Reduction
Mark Lysyshyn and Mark Tyndall

Chapter 5
Stigma and the Language of Addiction
Michael Botticelli and Colleen L. Barry

Chapter 6
The Neuroscience of Addiction: A Primer for Public Health Professionals
Jay C. Butler

Part II: Connecting Clinical Perspectives and Public Health Practice

Chapter 7
Non-Opioid Alternatives to Managing Chronic Pain: An Overview for Public Health Practitioners
Vanila Singh and Rachel Katonak

Chapter 8
The Role of Community Pharmacy in Addressing and Preventing Opioid Use Disorder
Nicholas E Hagemeier
Text Box 8.1: Washington State's Medication Take-Back Program

Chapter 9
SBIRT as a Public Health and Prevention Strategy to Address Substance Misuse and Addiction
Alexandra Nowalk and Janice Pringle
Text Box 9.1. Case Study 1. Universal Screening at EMPOWER Center for Health
Text Box 9.2. Case Study 2. Integrating SBIRT within Clinical Workflows

Chapter 10
Expanding Access to Treatment and Recovery Services Using a Hub and Spoke Model of Care
Anne Van Donsel, Anthony Folland, and Mark Levine

Chapter 11
Engaging Payers to Transform Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Samantha Arsenault
Text Box 11.1. Shatterproof Substance Use Disorder Treatment Task Force: Payer Representatives
Text Box 11.2. Shatterproof's National Principles of Care

Chapter 12
Collaborating to Address Substance Use Disorder in Correctional Settings: The Rhode Island Experience
Rosemarie A. Martin, Nicole Alexander-Scott, Joseph Wendelken, and Jennifer Clarke
Text Box 12.1. Definitions of Criminal Justice Terms

Part III: Moving Upstream - Prevention, Partnership & Public Health

Chapter 13
The Role of Public Health Agencies in Convening Partnerships and Collaborations to Respond to the Opioid Crisis
Philicia Tucker and Michael Fraser

Chapter 14
Systems Thinking and the Opioid Epidemic in Georgia
Brigitte Manteuffel, Leigh Alderman, Jane Branscomb, Karen Minyard

Chapter 15
A Comprehensive Approach to Addressing the Opioid Crisis
Michael Fraser and Mark Levine

Chapter 16
Five Key Strategies for an "Upstream" Approach to Preventing Opioid Misuse and Addiction
John Auerbach and Benjamin F. Miller

Chapter 17
Addressing Community Trauma and Building Community Resilience to Prevent Opioid Misuse and Addiction
Sheila Savannah and Dana Fields-Johnson, with Ruben Cantu, Sana Chehimi, Alexis Captanian, and Karmen Kurtz
Text Box 17.1. Promoting Community Level Solutions in Ohio
Text Box 17.2. Building Resilience in Huntington, West Virginia

Chapter 18
Early Childhood Trauma and Substance Misuse and Addiction: An Opportunity for Prevention
Melissa Merrick, Derek C. Ford, and Deborah Houry
Text Box 18.1. Excerpt from Essentials for Childhood: Steps to Create Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships and Environments

Chapter 19
Public Health and the Criminal Justice System: Partnerships to Promote Health and Prevent Addiction
Gary Tennis, Kenneth Martz, and Jac Charlier

Chapter 20
Building Effective Public Health and Public Safety Collaborations to Prevent Opioid Overdose at the Local, State, and Federal Levels
Jennifer Carroll, Rita K. Noonan, and Jessica Wolff

Chapter 21
Public Health Surveillance and the Opioid Crisis
Jeffrey P. Engel, Valerie N. Goodson, Megan Toe, and Michael Landen
Text Box 21.1: Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' Nonfatal Opioid Overdose Standardized Surveillance Case Definition

Chapter 22
The Role of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) in Addressing the Opioid Overdose Epidemic
Grant Baldwin, Jan Losby, Wes Sargent, Jamie Mells, and Sarah Bacon.
Text Box 22.1. Excerpt from Tracking PDMP Enhancement: The Best Practice Checklist

Chapter 23
Prescribing Guidelines and Opioid Stewardship
Mark Bicket and Caleb Alexander
Text Box 23.1. Recommendations from the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain
Text Box 23.2. Examples of Prescribing Guidelines from Selected National Organizations
Text Box 23.3. Selected Examples of State Opioid and/or Controlled Substance Prescribing Guidelines

Chapter 24
Developing a Culture of Opioid Stewardship: The Pennsylvania Example
Allison Michalowski, Sarah Boateng, Michael Fraser, Rachel L. Levine
Text Box 24.1: Pennsylvania's Opioid Stewardship On-Line Resources

Afterword: Our Collaborative Journey

About the Authors

Index