CDC Yellow Book 2020

About the Editors in Chief: Gary W. Brunette, MD, MS, is Chief of the Travelers' Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Jeffrey B. Nemhauser, MD, is Senior Medical Officer and Clinical Team Lead of the Travelers' Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia.

1 Introduction

Introduction to Travel Health & the CDC Yellow Book
Travel Epidemiology
Perspectives: WHY GUIDELINES DIFFER
Air Travel Trends

2 Preparing International Travelers
The Pretravel Consultation
Perspectives: TRAVELERS' PERCEPTION OF RISK
Last-Minute Travelers
Complementary & Integrative Health Approaches
Prioritizing Care for the Resource-Limited Traveler
Telemedicine
Perspectives: LEGAL ISSUES FOR CLINICIANS
Vaccination & Immunoprophylaxis: General Recommendations
Interactions among Travel Vaccines & Drugs
Yellow Fever & Malaria Information, by Country
Food & Water Precautions
Water Disinfection
Food Poisoning from Marine Toxins
Travelers' Diarrhea
Perspectives: ANTIBIOTICS IN TRAVELERS' DIARRHEA-BALANCING THE RISKS & BENEFITS

3 Environmental Hazards & Other Noninfectious Health Risks

Injury & Trauma
Mental Health
Safety & Security Overseas
Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods
Sun Exposure
Extremes of Temperature
Air Quality & Ionizing Radiation
Animal Bites & Stings (Zoonotic Exposures)
Scuba Diving: Decompression Illness & Other Dive-Related Injuries
Perspectives: ZOONOSES: THE ONE HEALTH APPROACH
High-Altitude Travel & Altitude Illness

4 Travel-Related Infectious Diseases

Amebiasis
Angiostrongyliasis, Neurologic
Anthrax
B virus
Bartonella Infections
Brucellosis
Campylobacteriosis
Chikungunya
Cholera
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Cyclosporiasis
Cysticercosis
Dengue
Diphtheria
Echinococcosis
Escherichia coli, Diarrheagenic
Fascioliasis
Filariasis, Lymphatic
Flukes, Lung
Giardiasis
Hand, Foot& Mouth Disease
Helicobacter pylori
Helminths, Soil-Transmitted
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Histoplasmosis
HIV Infection
Influenza
Japanese Encephalitis
Legionellosis (Legionnaires' Disease & Pontiac Fever)
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
Leptospirosis
Lyme Disease
Malaria
Measles (Rubeola)
Melioidosis
Meningococcal Disease
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Mumps
Norovirus
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
Pertussis
Pinworm (Enterobiasis, Oxyuriasis, Threadworm)
Plague (Bubonic, Pneumonic, Septicemic)
Pneumococcal Disease
Poliomyelitis
Q Fever
Rabies
Perspectives: ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO RABIES IMMUNIZATION
Rickettsial (Spotted & Typhus Fevers) & Related Infections, including Anaplasmosis & Ehrlichiosis
Rubella
Salmonellosis (Nontyphoidal)
Sarcocystosis
Scabies
Schistosomiasis
Shigellosis
Smallpox & Other Orthopoxvirus-Associated Infections
Strongyloidiasis
Taeniasis
Tetanus
Tickborne Encephalitis
Toxoplasmosis
Trypanosomiasis, African (Sleeping Sickness)
Trypanosomiasis, American (Chagas Disease)
Tuberculosis
Perspectives: SCREENING TRAVELERS FOR TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Yellow Fever
Yersiniosis
Zika Virus

5 Travelers with Additional Considerations

Immunocompromised Travelers
Travelers with Disabilities
Travelers with Chronic Illnesses

6 Health Care Abroad

Travel Insurance, Travel Health Insurance & Medical Evacuation Insurance
Perspectives: PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY & FALSIFIED DRUGS
Travel Health Kits

7 Family Travel

Pregnant Travelers
Travel & Breastfeeding
Traveling Safely with Infants & Children
Vaccine Recommendations for Infants & Children
International Adoption

8 Travel by Air, Land & Sea

Air Travel
Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism
Jet Lag
Road & Traffic Safety
Cruise Ship Travel
Motion Sickness

9 Work & Other Reasons for Travel

Business Travel
Aircrews
Health Care Workers, including Public Health Researchers & Medical Laboratorians
Humanitarian Aid Workers
US Military Deployments
Long-Term Travelers & Expatriates
Study Abroad & Other International Student Travel
Visiting Friends & Relatives: VFR Travel
Mass Gatherings
Adventure Travel
Sex & Travel

10 Select Destinations

Rationale for Select Destinations

Africa & the Middle East
East Africa: Safaris
Saudi Arabia: Hajj/Umrah Pilgrimage
South Africa
Tanzania: Kilimanjaro

The Americas & the Caribbean
Brazil
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Mexico
Peru: Cusco, Machu Picchu & Other Regions

Asia
Burma (Myanmar)
China
India
Nepal
Thailand

11 Posttravel Evaluation
General Approach to the Returned Traveler
Screening Asymptomatic Returned Travelers
Posttravel Evaluation: Fever
Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Skin & Soft Tissue Infections
Respiratory Infections
Persistent Diarrhea in Returned Travelers
Newly Arrived Immigrants & Refugees

12 Appendices
Appendix A: Promoting Quality in the Practice of Travel Medicine
Appendix B: Travel Vaccine Summary Table
Appendix C: Death during Travel
Appendix D: Airplanes & Cruise Ships: Illness & Death Reporting & Public Health Interventions
Appendix E: Taking Animals & Animal Products across International Borders
Index
Photography Credits