Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of Head and Body

I Body Contouring Surgery.- 1 Breast.- 1.1 General Introduction.- 1.2 Reduction Mammoplasty.- 1.2.1 Introduction.- 1.2.2 Indications for Surgery.- 1.2.3 History.- 1.2.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 1.2.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 1.2.6 Surgical Technique.- 1.2.6.1 Main Procedure - Pitanguy Technique.- 1.2.6.2 Alternative Procedure - Rhomboid or Arie-Pitanguy Technique.- 1.2.7 Postoperative Management.- 1.2.8 Complications and Results.- 1.2.9 Case Reports.- 1.2.10 Bibliography.- 1.3 Augmentation Mammoplasty.- 1.3.1 Introduction.- 1.3.2 Indications for Surgery.- 1.3.3 History.- 1.3.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 1.3.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 1.3.6 Surgical Technique.- 1.3.7 Postoperative Management.- 1.3.8 Complications.- 1.3.9 Case Reports.- 1.3.10 Bibliography.- 1.4 Subcutaneous Mastectomy.- 1.4.1 Introduction.- 1.4.2 Indications for Surgery.- 1.4.3 History.- 1.4.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 1.4.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 1.4.6 Surgical Technique.- 1.4.6.1 Standard Technique.- 1.4.6.2 Alternative Techniques.- 1.4.7 Postoperative Management.- 1.4.8 Complications.- 1.4.9 Case Reports.- 1.4.10 Bibliography.- 1.5 Correction of Inverted Nipple.- 1.5.1 Introduction.- 1.5.2 Indications for Surgery.- 1.5.3 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 1.5.4 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 1.5.5 Surgical Technique.- 1.5.6 Postoperative Management.- 1.5.7 Case Reports.- 1.5.8 Bibliography.- 1.6 Correction of Nipple Hypertrophy.- 1.6.1 Introduction.- 1.6.2 Surgical Technique.- 1.6.3 Case Reports.- 1.7 Surgical Treatment of Supernumerary Breasts.- 1.7.1 Introduction.- 1.7.2 Indications for Surgery.- 1.7.3 Surgical Technique.- 1.7.4 Case Reports.- 1.7.5 Bibliography.- 1.8 Reconstruction of the Areola and Nipple.- 1.8.1 Introduction.- 1.8.2 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 1.8.3 Surgical Techniques.- 1.8.4 Case Reports.- 1.8.5 Bibliography.- 1.9 Postmastectomy Reconstruction.- 1.9.1 Introduction.- 1.9.2 Indications for Surgery.- 1.9.3 History.- 1.9.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 1.9.5 Surgical Technique.- 1.9.5.1 Patients with Adequate Thoracic Cover.- 1.9.5.2 Patients with Inadequate Thoracic Cover.- 1.9.5.3 Secondary Procedures.- 1.9.6 Conclusions.- 1.9.7 Case Reports.- 1.9.8 Bibliography.- 1.10 Breast Pathology.- 1.10.1 Introduction.- 1.10.2 Case Material and Methods.- 1.10.3 Macroscopic and Histological Findings.- 1.10.4 Conclusions.- 1.10.5 Bibliography.- 2 Abdomen.- 2.1 Abdominoplasty.- 2.1.1 Introduction.- 2.1.2 Indications for Surgery.- 2.1.2.1 Alterations in Skin.- 2.1.2.2 Alterations in Adipose Tissue.- 2.1.2.3 Alterations in Muscle, Aponeurosis and Fascia.- 2.1.3 History.- 2.1.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 2.1.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 2.1.6 Surgical Technique.- 2.1.6.1 Anaesthesia.- 2.1.6.2 Positioning of the Patient.- 2.1.6.3 Surgical Procedure.- 2.1.6.4 Dressings.- 2.1.7 Postoperative Management.- 2.1.8 Complications and Results.- 2.1.8.1 Early Complications.- 2.1.8.2 Late Complications.- 2.1.8.3 Results.- 2.1.9 Case Reports.- 2.1.10 Bibliography.- 3 Upper and Lower Extremities.- 3.1 General Introduction.- 3.2 Gluteal Region and Lower Extremity.- 3.2.1 Introduction.- 3.2.2 Indications for Surgery.- 3.2.3 History.- 3.2.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 3.2.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planing and Preparation.- 3.2.6 Surgical Technique.- 3.2.6.1 Trochanteric Lipodystrophy.- 3.2.6.2 Interfemoral Flaccidity and Adiposity.- 3.2.6.3 Drooping Buttocks.- 3.2.7 Postoperative Management.- 3.2.8 Complications and Results.- 3.2.9 Case Reports.- 3.2.10 Bibliography.- 3.3 Upper Extremity: Dermolipectomy.- 3.3.1 Introduction.- 3.3.2 Indications for Surgery.- 3.3.3 History.- 3.3.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 3.3.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 3.3.6 Surgical Technique.- 3.3.7 Postoperative Management.- 3.3.8 Complications and Results.- 3.3.9 Case Reports.- 3.3.10 Bibliography.- Aesthetic Plastic Surgery of the Head and Neck.- General Introduction.- 4 Face.- 4.1 Face Lifting.- 4.1.1 Introduction.- 4.1.2 Indications for Surgery.- 4.1.3 History.- 4.1.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 4.1.5 Anatomical Considerations.- 4.1.5.1 Facial Nerve.- 4.1.5.2 Great Auricular Nerve.- 4.1.5.3 Superficial Musculo-aponeurotic System.- 4.1.6 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 4.1.7 Surgical Technique.- 4.1.7.1 Anaesthesia.- 4.1.7.2 Preparation.- 4.1.7.3 Standard Rhytidectomy.- 4.1.7.4 Regional Rhytidectomy.- 4.1.7.5 Extended Cervicofacial Rhytidectomy.- 4.1.7.6 Musculo-aponeurotic Dissection and Lifting.- 4.1.7.7 Dressings.- 4.1.8 Postoperative Management.- 4.1.9 Complications and Results.- 4.1.10 Case Reports.- 4.1.11 Bibliography.- 4.2 Forehead Lifting.- 4.2.1 Introduction.- 4.2.2 Indications for Surgery.- 4.2.3 History.- 4.2.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 4.2.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 4.2.6 Surgical Technique.- 4.2.7 Postoperative Management.- 4.2.8 Complications and Results.- 4.2.9 Case Reports.- 4.2.10 Bibliography.- 4.3 Blepharoplasty.- 4.3.1 Introduction.- 4.3.2 Indications for Surgery.- 4.3.3 History.- 4.3.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 4.3.5 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 4.3.6 Surgical Technique.- 4.3.6.1 Upper Eyelid.- 4.3.6.2 Lower Eyelid.- 4.3.7 Postoperative Care.- 4.3.8 Complications.- 4.3.9 Case Reports.- 4.3.10 Bibliography.- 4.4 Ageing Lip.- 4.4.1 Introduction.- 4.4.2 Indications for Surgery.- 4.4.3 History.- 4.4.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 4.4.5 Surgical Technique.- 4.4.5.1 Dermabrasion.- 4.4.5.2 Cupid’s Bow Operation.- 4.4.6 Postoperative Management.- 4.4.7 Complications.- 4.4.8 Case Reports.- 4.4.9 Bibliography.- 4.5 Treatment of Chin and Submental Deformities.- 4.5.1 Introduction.- 4.5.2 Indications for Surgery.- 4.5.3 History.- 4.5.4 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 4.5.5 Surgical Technique.- 4.5.6 Postoperative Management.- 4.5.7 Complications and Results.- 4.5.8 Case Reports.- 4.5.9 Bibliography.- 5 Rhinoplasty.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.1.1 Indications for Surgery.- 5.1.1.1 Functional Considerations.- 5.1.1.2 Cosmetic Considerations.- 5.1.2 History.- 5.1.3 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 5.1.4 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 5.1.5 Anaesthesia.- 5.2 Primary Rhinoplasty.- 5.2.1 Surgical Technique.- 5.2.1.1 Exposing the Nasal Framework.- 5.2.1.2 The Dorsum.- 5.2.1.3 Nasal Osteotomies.- 5.2.1.4 The Nasal Tip.- 5.2.2 Postoperative Management.- 5.2.3 Complications and Results.- 5.2.4 Case Reports.- 5.3 Secondary Rhinoplasty.- 5.3.1 Introduction.- 5.3.2 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 5.3.3 Surgical Technique.- 5.3.3.1 The Dorsum.- 5.3.3.2 The Nasal Tip.- 5.3.3.3 The Nostrils.- 5.3.3.4 Columella.- 5.3.4 Case Reports.- 5.3.5 Bibliography.- 6 Congenital and Acquired Deformities of the Ear.- 6.1 General Introduction.- 6.2 Prominent Ears.- 6.2.1 Introduction.- 6.2.2 Indications for Surgery.- 6.2.3 Considerations of Surgical Technique.- 6.2.4 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 6.2.5 Surgical Technique.- 6.2.6 Postoperative Management.- 6.2.7 Complications.- 6.2.8 Case Reports.- 6.3 Lop and Cup Ear Deformities.- 6.3.1 Introduction.- 6.3.2 Indications for Surgery.- 6.3.3 Surgical Technique.- 6.3.4 Postoperative Management.- 6.3.5 Case Reports.- 6.4 Macrotia.- 6.4.1 Introduction.- 6.4.2 Indications for Surgery.- 6.4.3 Surgical Technique.- 6.4.4 Postoperative Management.- 6.5 Deformities of the Ear Lobe.- 6.5.1 Introduction.- 6.5.2 Surgical Technique.- 6.5.3 Case Report.- 6.6 Ear Reconstruction.- 6.6.1 Introduction.- 6.6.2 Indications for Surgery.- 6.6.3 Pre-operative Assessment, Planning and Preparation.- 6.6.4 Surgical Technique.- 6.6.4.1 Total Reconstruction of the Auricle.- 6.6.4.2 Reconstruction of the Upper Third of the Auricle.- 6.6.4.3 Reconstruction of the Middle Third of the Auricle.- 6.6.5 Postoperative Management.- 6.6.6 Complications.- 6.6.6.1 Early Complications.- 6.6.6.2 Late Complications.- 6.6.7 Case Reports.- 6.7 Reconstruction of the Helix.- 6.7.1 Introduction.- 6.7.2 Surgical Technique.- 6.7.2.1 Reconstruction Using a Pre-auricular Tube.- 6.7.2.2 Reconstruction Using a Cervical Tube.- 6.7.3 Postoperative Management 344 6.1 A Case Reports.- 6.8 Reconstruction of the Ear Lobe 346 6.8.1 Introduction.- 6.8.2 Surgical Technique.- 6.8.2.1 Reconstruction of the Ear Lobe Using a Pre-auricular Flap.- 6.8.2.2 Reconstruction of the Ear Lobe Using a Mastoid Flap.- 6.8.3 Postoperative Management.- 6.8.4 Case Reports.- 6.9 General Bibliography.- III Common Aesthetic Problems.- 7 Combined Aesthetic Procedures.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Operative Plan.- 7.2.1 Face Lifting plus Forehead Lifting plus Blepharoplasty.- 7.2.2 Face Lifting plus Rhinoplasty.- 7.2.3 Face Lifting plus Mammoplasty.- 7.2.4 Mammoplasty plus Abdominoplasty.- 7.3 Case Reports.- 8 Haemangioma.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Classification of Haemangiomas.- 8.2.1 Histopathological Classification.- 8.2.2 Morphological Classification.- 8.2.3 Haemodynamic Classification.- 8.2.4 Clinical Classification.- 8.3 Treatment.- 8.3.1 Involutive Haemangiomas.- 8.3.2 Non-involutive Haemangiomas.- 8.4 Case Reports.- 8.5 Bibliography.- 9 Giant Hairy Pigmented Naevi.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.1.1 Naevus Cell.- 9.1.2 Malignant Potential.- 9.2 Treatment.- 9.2.1 Giant Naevi of the Face.- 9.2.2 Giant Naevi of the Neck.- 9.2.3 Giant Naevi of the Body.- 9.2.4 Giant Naevi of the Limbs.- 9.3 Case Reports.- 9.4 Bibliography.- 10 Management of Soft Tissue Injuries and the Treatment of Scars.- 10.1 Primary Care of the Lacerated Wound.- 10.1.1 Anaesthetisia.- 10.1.2 Antisepsis.- 10.1.3 Wound Examination and Debridement.- 10.1.4 Wound Closure.- 10.1.5 Wound Dressings.- 10.2 Treatment of Scars.- 10.3 Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids.- 10.3.1 Ionizing Radiation.- 10.3.2 Steroids.- 10.3.3 Redistribution of Wound Tension.- 10.3.4 Partial Excision.- 10.3.5 Pressure.- 10.3.6 Conclusion.- 10.4 Case Reports.- 10.5 Bibliography.- List of Previously Published Illustrations.