The Saint-Chopra Guide to Inpatient Medicine

Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH, is Chief of Medicine at the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System and the George Dock Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Michigan. His research focuses on patient safety, medical education, and clinical problem-solving. Vineet Chopra, MD, is Associate Professor of Medicine, Chief of the Division of Hospital Medicine, and Research Scientist at the University of Michigan and the VA Ann Arbor Health System. His research focuses on preventing hospital-acquired complications, interventional studies, and health services research in the hospitalized setting.

Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Contributors

Section 1: General Approach to Medical Problems

1. Approach to Differential Diagnosis
Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH and Vineet Chopra, MD, MSc

2. Approach to Medical Decision Making
Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH and Vineet Chopra, MD, MSc
3. Care at the End of Life
Adam D. Marks, MD, MPH
4. Preventing Hospital-Acquired Complications
Jennifer Meddings, MD, MSc

Section 2: Cardiology

5. Electrocardiogram (EKG) Interpretation
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD

6. Syncope
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD
7. Arrhythmias
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD
8. Atrial Fibrillation
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD

9. Chest Pain
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD
10. Angina
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD
11. Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD
12. Heart Failure
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD

13. Shock
Mohamad Kenaan, MD and Kim Eagle, MD


Section 3: Pulmonary and Critical Care

14. Acute Dyspnea
Michael P. Mendez, MD
15. Hemoptysis
Michael P. Mendez, MD
16. Approach to the Chest Radiograph
Michael P. Mendez, MD
17. Hypoxemia
Michael P. Mendez, MD

18. Pulmonary Function tests
Michael P. Mendez, MD

19. Obstructive Lung Disease
Michael P. Mendez, MD
20. Interstitial Lung Disease
Michael P. Mendez, MD
21. Pneumonia
Michael P. Mendez, MD
22. Pulmonary Hypertension
Michael P. Mendez, MD
23. Pulmonary Embolism
Michael P. Mendez, MD
24. Pleural Effusion
Michael P. Mendez, MD
25. Respiratory Failure
Michael P. Mendez, MD
26. Mechanical Ventilation
Michael P. Mendez, MD

Section 4: Gastroenterology

27. Abdominal Pain
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
28. Liver Tests
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
29. Acute Diarrhea
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
30. Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
31. Splenomegaly
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
32. Ascites
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
33. Acute Pancreatitis
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
34. Alcoholic Liver Disease
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS
35. Liver Failure
Sameer D. Saini, MD, MS and Akbar K. Waljee, MD, MS

Section 5: Renal and Acid-Base

36. Overview of Nephrology
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
37. Acute Kidney Injury
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
38. Nephrotic Syndrome
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
39. Nephritic Syndrome
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
40. Renal Tubular Defects
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
41. Urinary Tract Infections
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
42. Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
43. Hyponatremia
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
44. Hypernatremia
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
45. Hypokalemia
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
46. Hyperkalemia
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD
47. Hypertension
Matthew McGuire, MD and Subramaniam Pennathur, MD

Section 6: Infectious Diseases

48. Approach to Fever
Emily Shuman, MD
49. Approach to Microbiology
Emily Shuman, MD
50. Fever and Rash
Emily Shuman, MD
51. Fever of Unknown Origin
Emily Shuman, MD
52. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Emily Shuman, MD
53. Acute Rheumatic Fever
Emily Shuman, MD
54. Infective Endocarditis
Emily Shuman, MD
55. CD4 Counts and Complications of HIV Infection
Emily Shuman, MD
56. Pulmonary Disease in HIV-Infected Patients
Emily Shuman, MD
57. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of HIV Disease
Emily Shuman, MD
58. Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Disease
Emily Shuman, MD

Section 7: Hematology and Oncology

59. Pancytopenia
Dale Bixby, MD, PhD
60. Thrombocytopenia
Sumana Devata, MD
61. Thrombocytosis
Sumana Devata, MD






62. Anemia
Sumana Devata, MD
63. Polycythemia
Sumana Devata, MD
64. Leukocytosis
Sumana Devata, MD
65. Eosinophilia
Sumana Devata, MD
66. Bleeding Disorders
Sumana Devata, MD
67. Hypercoagulable States
Sumana Devata, MD
68. Lymphadenopathy
Sumana Devata, MD
69. Lymphoma
Dale Bixby, MD, PhD
70. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Dale Bixby, MD, PhD
71. Acute Leukemia
Dale Bixby, MD, PhD
72. Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Dale Bixby, MD, PhD
73. Metastatic Neoplasms
Dale Bixby, MD, PhD

Section 8: Rheumatology

74. Arthritis
Rory M. Marks, MBBS
75. Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Rory M. Marks, MBBS

Section 9: Endocrinology

76. Hypercalcemia
Palak Choksi, MD and Robert W. Lash, MD
77. Hypocalcemia
Palak Choksi, MD and Robert W. Lash, MD
78. Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Palak Choksi, MD and Robert W. Lash, MD
79. Thyroid Disease
Palak Choksi, MD and Robert W. Lash, MD
80. Adrenal Insufficiency
Palak Choksi, MD and Robert W. Lash, MD

Section 10: Neurology

81. Altered Mental Status
James Burke, MD
82. Peripheral Neuropathy
James Burke, MD
83. Vertigo
James Burke, MD
84. Hiccoughs
James Burke, MD
85. Seizure Disorders
James Burke, MD
86. Stroke
James Burke, MD
87. Meningitis
James Burke, MD
88. Spinal Cord Compression
James Burke, MD

Section 11: Dermatology

89. Exanthems
Thy Thy Do, MBBS
90. Pruritus
Thy Thy Do, MBBS
91. Clubbing
Thy Thy Do, MBBS

Section 12: Toxicology

92. Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal
Sanjay Shewakramani, MD
93. Toxicologic Emergencies
Sanjay Shewakramani, MD

Section 13: Perioperative Medicine

94. Preoperative Cardiovascular Risk Assessment for Non-Cardiac Surgery
Paul J. Grant, MD
95. Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Strategies for Non-Cardiac Surgery
Paul J. Grant, MD
96. Perioperative Pulmonary Risk Assessment and Reduction Strategies
Paul J. Grant, MD
97. Perioperative Medication Management
Paul J. Grant, MD

Appendix: Medical Procedures

Richard J. Schildhouse, MD

Index