Visual Fields

Introduction; Definition of the visual field; Extent of the normal visual field; Island of vision; Presentation of visual field data; Why do we measure the visual field?; Units of measurement; Psychophysics; Background luminance; Stimulus size; Stimulus presentation time; Stimulus speed of movement; Colour of stimulus; Psychological factors, the frequency of seeing curve; Strategies used in examining the visual field; Kinetic examination strategies; Static examination strategies; Specialized strategies for examining the visual field; Amsler's charts; Confrontation test; High pass resolution perimetry; Oculokinetic perimetry; Extraneous factors affecting the visual field; The effect of age upon the visual field; Pupil size; Refractive error and defocus; correcting lens artefact; Eyelid, eyelashes and eyebrow; Accuracy of fixation; Fixation targets; Provision of an audible tone prior to stimulus presentation; Patient experience - the learning effect; Fatigue effects; Lens and media opacities; Aphakia; Angioscotoma; Functional field loss (malingering and hysteria); Adaptation; Visual pathways; The retina; The optic nerve; The chiasma; The optic tracts; The lateral geniculate body; The optic radiations; The visual cortex; The differential diagnosis of visual field defects; Glaucoma; Glaucomatous field defects; Variability of field loss; differences between low-tension and high-tension glaucomas; Screening for visual field loss; The design of visual field screening tests; Position of stimuli; Number of stimuli; Pass/fail criteria; Quantification of visual field data; Introduction and the value of quantification; Variability; Evaluating quantification systems; The development of quantification systems; Types of quantification systems; Practical advice on how to conduct a visual field examination; Visual field instruments; Glossary of terms; Index