The Physical Examination

Content.- A Basic skill.- A 1 The technique of inspection.- A 2 The technique of auscultation.- A 3 The technique of percussion.- A 4 The technique of palpation.- B Basic examinatio.- B 1 Inspection of the body shape, posture and movement.- B 2 Inspection of the skin and mucous membranes.- B 3 Evaluation of the nutritional and hydration state.- B 4 Palpation of the skin.- B 5 Evaluation of the pulse.- B 6 Measurement of the blood pressure.- B 7 Evaluation of respiration.- B 8 Measurement of height and weight.- B 9 Measurement of length and weight of an infant.- B 10 Measurement of the body temperature rectally.- C Examination of the nervous syste.- C 1 Various aspects.- C 2 Signs of meningitis.- C 3 The twelve cranial nerves.- C 3.1 The olfactory and optic nerves.- C 3.2 The oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerves.- C 3.3 The trigeminal nerve.- C 3.4 The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves.- C 3.5 The glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves.- C 4 Examination of the upper extremity.- C 4.1 The motor function of the arm.- C 4.2 The sensations of the arm.- C 4.3 The reflexes of the arm.- C 4.4 Coordination tests for the arm.- C 5 Examination of the lower extremity.- C 5.1 The motor function of the leg.- C 5.2 The sensations of the leg.- C 5.3 The reflexes of the leg.- C 5.4 Coordination tests for the leg.- C 6 Examination of the trunk.- C 6.1 The motor function of the trunk.- C 6.2 The sensations of the trunk.- C 6.3 Some trunk reflexes.- C 7 Short neurological examination.- D Examination of separate parts of the bod.- D 1 Examination of the head.- D 1.1 Inspection of the shape of the head.- D 1.2 Palpation of the skull.- D 1.3 Percussion of the skull.- D 1.4 Measurement of the circumference of the skull.- D 1.5 Inspection of the scalp.- D 1.6 Palpation of the lymph glands in the neck.- D 2 Examination of the eyes.- D 2.1 Inspection of the eyelids.- D 2.2 Inspection of the conjunctiva.- D 2.3 The fluorescein test.- D 2.4 Inspection of the cornea.- D 2.5 Inspection of the iris and lens.- D 2.6 Inspection of the fundus.- D 2.7 Inspection of the eye movement.- D 2.8 Assessment of the eye muscles.- D 2.9 Some eye reflexes.- D 2.10 Vision and colour vision.- D 2.11 The field of vision.- D 2.12 The intra-ocular pressure.- D 2.13 The lachrymal system.- D 3 Examination of the mouth and throat.- D 3.1 Inspection of the teeth.- D 3.2 Percussion of the teeth.- D 3.3 Inspection of the tongue.- D 3.4 Testing of taste.- D 3.5 Inspection of the mucous membranes.- D 3.6 Palpation of the cheeks.- D 3.7 Palpation of the floor of the mouth.- D 3.8 Inspection of the palate.- D 3.9 Palpation of the palate.- D 3.10 Inspection of the pharynx.- D 3.11 Inspection of the larynx.- D 3.12 Palpation of the larynx.- D 3.13 Examination of the voice.- D 4 Examination of the nose.- D 4.1 Inspection of the external nose.- D 4.2 Palpation of the external nose.- D 4.3 Inspection of the internal nose.- D 4.4 Palpation of the adenoids.- D 4.5 Percussion of the sinuses.- D 4.6 Palpation of the sinuses.- D 4.7 Examination of olfactory sense.- D 4.8 The patency of the nose.- D 5 Examination of the ears.- D 5.1 Inspection of the ear.- D 5.2 Palpation of the cartilage and external meatus of the ear.- D 5.3 Percussion of the mastoid process.- D 5.4 Palpation of the mastoid process.- D 5.5 Evaluation of hearing.- D 5.6 The whisper test.- D 5.7 The tuning fork examination.- D 5.8 Screening audiometry.- D 5.9 Assessment of the Eustachian tubes.- D 6 Examination of the head and neck.- D 6.1 Inspection of the neck.- D 6.2 Palpation of the cervical vertebrae.- D 6.3 Palpation of the glands in the neck.- D 6.4 Palpation of the common carotid artery.- D 6.5 Palpation of the thyroid gland.- D 6.6 Measurement of the circumference of the neck.- D 6.7 Auscultation of the common carotid artery.- D 6.8 Auscultation of the thyroid gland.- D 6.9 Evaluation of the functioning of the cervical portion of the spinal column.- D 7 Examination of the thorax.- D 7.1 Inspection of the skin of the thorax.- D 7.2 Inspection of the shape of the thorax.- D 7.3 Palpation of the thorax.- D 7.4 Measurement of the thorax circumference.- D 7.5 Percussion of the lungs.- D 7.6 Auscultation of the lungs.- D 7.7 Respiratory movements and expansion of the lungs.- D 7.8 Determination of the boundary between the lungs and the liver.- D 7.9 Inspection of the heart region.- D 7.10 Palpation of the heart region.- D 7.11 Percussion of the heart region.- D 7.12 Auscultation of the heart region.- D 7.13 Central venous pressure.- D 7.14 Circulation time.- D 7.15 Recording an electrocardiogram.- D 7.16 Examination of the breasts.- D 7.17 Palpation of the axilla.- D 8 Examination of the abdomen.- D 8.1 Inspection of the abdomen.- D 8.2 Auscultation of the abdomen.- D 8.3 Percussion of the abdomen.- D 8.4 Palpation of the abdomen.- D 8.5 Palpation of the liver and gall bladder.- D 8.6 Palpation of the spleen.- D 8.7 Palpation of the other intra-abdominal organs and structures.- D 8.8 Palpation of the groin.- D 8.9 Rectal examination.- D 9 Examination of the internal and external genitalia.- D 9.1 Secondary sexual characteristics.- D 9.2 Inspection of the pubic hair.- D 9.3 Inspection of the female external genitalia.- D 9.4 Palpation of the labia majora.- D 9.5 Speculum examination.- D 9.6 Preparation of a cervical smear.- D 9.7 Vaginal examination.- D 9.8 Inspection of the male external genitalia.- D 9.9 Palpation of the penis.- D 9.10 Palpation of the scrotum.- D 10 Examination of a pregnant woman.- D 10.1 Inspection of the vulva and vagina.- D 10.2 Palpation of the pelvic cavity.- D 10.3 Determination of the position of the uterine fundus.- D 10.4 Position of the fetus in utero.- D 10.5 Auscultation of the fetal heart sounds.- D 11 Examination of the trunk.- D 11.1 Inspection of the trunk at rest.- D 11.2 Palpation of the trunk.- D 11.3 Inspection of the active movements of the trunk.- D 11.4 Palpation of the moving trunk.- D 11.5 Passive movements of the trunk.- D 11.6 Some specific trunk function tests.- D 12 Examination of the arm.- D 12.1 Examination of the peripheral circulation of the arm.- D 12.2 Measurement of the circumference of the arm.- D 13 Examination of the shoulder girdle.- D 13.1 Inspection of the shoulders at rest.- D 13.2 Palpation of the shoulders at rest.- D 13.3 Inspection of the active movements of the shoulder.- D 13.4 Palpation of the moving shoulder.- D 13.5 Passive movements of the shoulder.- D 14 Examination of the elbow.- D 14.1 Inspection of the elbow at rest.- D 14.2 Palpation of the elbow at rest.- D 14.3 Inspection of the active movements of the elbow.- D 14.4 Palpation of the moving elbow.- D 14.5 Passive movements of the elbow.- D 15 Examination of the wrist, hand and fingers.- D 15.1 Inspection of the hand at rest.- D 15.2 Palpation of the hand at rest.- D 15.3 Inspection of the active movements of the hand.- D 15.4 Palpation of the moving hand.- D 15.5 Passive movements of the hand.- D 16 Examination of the leg.- D 16.1 Peripheral circulation in the leg.- D 16.2 Examination of the veins.- D 16.3 Measurement of the leg circumference.- D 16.4 Evaluation of the gait.- D 17 Examination of the hip.- D 17.1 Inspection of the hip at rest.- D 17.2 Palpation of the hip at rest.- D 17.3 Inspection of the active movements of the hip.- D 17.4 Palpation of the moving hip.- D 17.5 Passive movements of the hip.- D 17.6 Some specific hip function tests.- D 18 Examination of the knee.- D 18.1 Inspection of the knee at rest.- D 18.2 Palpation of the knee at rest.- D 18.3 Inspection of the active movements of the knee.- D 18.4 Palpation of the moving knee.- D 18.5 Passive movements of the knee.- D 18.6 Some specific knee function tests.- D 19 Examination of the ankle, foot and toes.- D 19.1 Inspection of the ankle, foot and toes at rest.- D 19.2 Palpation of the ankle, foot and toes at rest.- D 19.3 Inspection of the active movements of the ankle, foot and toes.- D 19.4 Palpation of the moving ankle, foot and toes.- D 19.5 Passive movements of the ankle, foot and toes.- A Basic skills.- B Basic examination.- C Examination of the nervous system.- D Examination of separate parts of the body.