Chemical Pathways of Metabolism (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Chemical Pathways 
 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME II 6
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS 10
Contents of Volume I 11
CHAPTER 9. Nitrogen Metabolism of Amino Acids 12
I. SCOPE 12
II. DEAMINATION 12
III. DEAMIDATION 37
IV. TRANSAMINATION 40
V. AMINO ACID RACEMASES 47
VI. UREA SYNTHESIS 47
VII. SUMMARY REMARKS 54
ADDENDUM 56
CHAPTER 10. Carbon Catabolism of Amino Acids 58
I. SCOPE OF THE CHAPTER 59
II. AMINO ACIDS LINKED WITH THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE 60
III. GLYCINE 63
IV. THE ß-HYDROXYAMINO ACIDS 65
V. THE ALIPHATIC BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS 70
VI. CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS OF UNCERTAIN BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE 81
VII. THE SULFUR AMINO ACIDS 83
VIII. LYSINE 87
IX. ARGININE AND ORNITHINE 90
X. PROLINE AND HYDROXYPROLINE 91
XI. THE AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS 91
XII. TRYPTOPHAN 101
XIII. HISTIDINE 112
ADDENDA 122
CHAPTER 11. Synthetic Processes Involving Amino Acids 124
I. INTRODUCTION 124
II. THE GLYCINE-SERINE INTERCONVERSION 125
III. FORMATION OF PHOSPHATIDE BASES 127
IV. INTERCONVERSIONS OF GLUTAMIC ACID, ORNITHINE, AND PROLINE 134
V. BIOSYNTHESIS OF BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACIDS 138
VI. LYSINE BIOSYNTHESIS 141
VII. BIOSYNTHESIS OF AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS 142
VIII. REACTIONS INVOLVING TYROSINE 145
IX. SYNTHETIC REACTIONS INVOLVING TRYPTOPHAN 149
X. BIOSYNTHESIS OF HISTIDINE 156
ADDENDA 158
CHAPTER 12. Metabolism of Sulfur-Containing Compounds 160
I. BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT,SULFUR COMPOUNDS 160
II. RELATIONSHIPS OF METHIONINE AND CYSTEINE 162
III. OXIDATION OF SULFUR-CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS 166
IV. THE DESULFHYDRASE REACTION 173
V. THIOSULFATE AND THIOCYANATE 174
VI. REACTIONS OF SULFUR-CONTAINING COENZYMES 174
CHAPTER 13. Enzymatic Syntheses of Peptide Bonds 184
I. THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS 185
II. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMATIC PEPTIDE SYNTHESES ACCORDING TO THE SIGN AND MAGNITUDE OF THE FREE ENERGY CHANGE (–.F) 193
III. PEPTIDE SYNTHESES WHERE –.F IS NEGATIVE AND LARGE: COUPLED WITH HIGH-ENERGY PHOSPHATE 209
IV. MECHANISM OF AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO PROTEINS 214
V. ADDENDUM 230
CHAPTER 14. Purines and Pyrimidines 234
I. THE PURINES 235
II. THE PYRIMIDINES 259
CHAPTER 15. Nucleotides and Nucleosides 274
I. NUCLEOSIDES 275
II. NUCLEOTIDES 281
III. DEAMINATION OF NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES 288
IV. THE ENZYMATIC SPLITTING OF CERTAIN COENZYME NUCLEOTIDES 290
V. THE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF CERTAIN COENZYME NUCLEOTIDES 291
CHAPTER 16. Metabolism of Heme and Chlorophyll 298
I. INTRODUCTION 299
II. COMPOUNDS OF THE BIOSYNTHETIC CHAIN LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF PROTOPORPHYRIN 306
III. BIOCHEMICAL LESIONS IN THE PORPHYRIN METABOLISM OF HUMAN BEINGS 319
IV. TRACER STUDIES OF PROTOPORPHYRIN BIOSYNTHESIS 322
V. THE IRON BRANCH OF THE BIOSYNTHETIC CHAIN AND SOME GENERAL PROPERTIES OF HEME COMPOUNDS 330
VI. THE MAGNESIUM BRANCH AND THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHLOROPHYLL 340
VII. DECOMPOSITION OF IRON PROTOPORPHYRIN TO BILE PIGMENTS 342
Author Index 354
Subject Index 370
ERRATA: VOLUME I 395